MongoDB5安装部署和使用介绍

MongoDB5搭建部署

1.MongoDB简介

MongoDB官方网站：https://www.mongodb.com

MongoDB最大的特点是表结构灵活可变，字段类型可以随时修改。MongoDB中的每一行数据只是简单的被转化成Json格式后存储，因此MongoDB中没有MySQL中表结构这样的概念，可以直接将任意结构的数据塞入同一个表中，不必考虑表结构，更不必像MySQL一样因为要修改数据表结构而大费周折。

MongoDB不需要定义表结构这个特点给表结构的修改带来了极大的方便，但是也给多表查询、复杂事务等高级操作带来了阻碍。因此，如果数据的逻辑结构非常复杂，经常需要进行复杂的多表查询或者事务操作，那显然还是MySQL这类关系型数据库更合适

面向集合存储，易存储对象类型的数据
支持查询,以及动态查询
支持RUBY，PYTHON，JAVA，C++，PHP，C#等多种语言
文件存储格式为BSON（一种JSON的扩展）
支持复制和故障恢复和分片
支持事务支持
索引聚合关联…

MongoDB结构对比

RDBMS	MongoDB
数据库	数据库
表	集合
行	文档
列	字段

在MongoDB中，集合就是table表的概念

2.安装部署

本次部署环境为CentOS 7.4,搭建部署MongoDB-5.0.15
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

2-1.下载安装包

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/software
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.15-rc2.tgz

2-2.创建MongoDB相关目录

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/module/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 module]$ mkdir MongoDB
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 module]$ cd MongoDB/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ mkdir data log

路径均可自定义配置

/opt/module/MongoDB为mongo项目路径

data目录为数据保存路径

log为日志保存路径

2-2.解压安装包

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/software
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.15-rc2.tgz -C /opt/module/MongoDB/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/module/MongoDB
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.15-rc2 mongodbServer

2-3.定义相关配置

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ vim mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf
storage:
    dbPath: "/opt/module/MongoDB/data"
systemLog:
    destination: file
    path: "/opt/module/MongoDB/log/mongod.log"
    logAppend: true
net:
    port: 27017
    bindIpAll: true
processManagement:
    fork: true

2-4.配置环境变量

# 增加mongo相关配置
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ sudo vim /etc/profile
# mongo
export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/MongoDB/mongodbServer
export PATH=$PATH:$MONGODB_HOME/bin

# 引用环境变量
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ source /etc/profile

启动服务方式：

mongod命令 --config 配置文件路径

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ mongod --config /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf
about to fork child process,waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 12601
child process started successfully,parent exiting

2-5.编写启停脚本

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ vim mymongo
#!/bin/bash

start() {  
/opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod  --config /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf 
}  
  
stop() {  
/opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod --config /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf --shutdown  
}  
case "$1" in  
  start)  
 start  
 ;;  
  
stop)  
 stop  
 ;;  
  
restart)  
 stop  
 start  
 ;;  
  *)  
 echo  
$"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"  
 exit 1  
esac

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ chmod +x mymongo

2-6.启动停止服务

# 停止服务
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo stop
killing process with pid: 12601
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ netstat -tnlpu|grep 27017
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$
# 启动服务
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo start
about to fork child process,waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 13747
child process started successfully,parent exiting
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ netstat -tnlpu|grep 27017
(Not all processes could be identified,non-owned process info
 will not be shown,you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13747/mongod

2-7.初次登录验证

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
MongoDB shell version v5.0.15-rc2
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("62eb0433-074a-4417-b869-6f2132a955f0") }
MongoDB server version: 5.0.15-rc2
================
Warning: the "mongo" shell has been superseded by "mongosh",which delivers improved usability and compatibility.The "mongo" shell has been deprecated and will be removed in
an upcoming release.
For installation instructions,see
https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/install/
================
> use admin
switched to db admin
> exit
bye

2-8.设置超级管理员账号和密码

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({
  user: 'admin',pwd: 'admin123',roles:[{
    role: 'root',db: 'admin'
  }]
})

Successfully added user: {
        "user" : "admin","roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "root","db" : "admin"
                }
        ]
}

其它用户相关常用命令：

show users  //查看当前库下的用户
db.dropUser('testadmin')  // 删除用户
db.updateUser('admin', {pwd: 'newpasswd'})  // 修改用户密码
db.auth('admin', 'password')  // 密码认证

2-9.设置数据库读写用户

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
> use bigdatadb
switched to db bigdatadb
> db.createUser({
...   user: 'bigdata',...   pwd: 'bigdata123',...   roles:[{
...     role: 'readWrite',...     db: 'bigdatadb'
...   }]
... })
Successfully added user: {
        "user" : "bigdata","roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "readWrite","db" : "bigdatadb"
                }
        ]
}
> exit
bye

MongoDB 数据库角色信息：

角色描述	角色标识
数据库用户角色	read、readWrite
数据库管理角色	dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin
集群管理角色	clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager
备份恢复角色	backup、restore
所有数据库角色	readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、 dbAdminAnyDatabase
超级用户角色	root

2-10.开启权限验证

# 在配置文件最后增加新配置项security，enabled为开启
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ vim mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf
storage:
    dbPath: "/opt/module/MongoDB/data"
systemLog:
    destination: file
    path: "/opt/module/MongoDB/log/mongod.log"
    logAppend: true
net:
    port: 27017
    bindIpAll: true
processManagement:
    fork: true
security:
  authorization: enabled

需要重启服务生效

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo stop
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo start

2-11.查看用户列表

show users

> show users
{
        "_id" : "admin.admin","userId" : UUID("df225aee-a01b-45f4-9716-389b9fe20465"),"user" : "admin","db" : "admin","db" : "admin"
                }
        ],"mechanisms" : [
                "SCRAM-SHA-1","SCRAM-SHA-256"
        ]
}
{
        "_id" : "admin.bigdata","userId" : UUID("fbf096c7-3a82-49de-a1ea-fed235269cd1"),"user" : "bigdata","roles" : [
                {
                        "role" : "dbOwner","db" : "bigdatadb"
                }
        ],"SCRAM-SHA-256"
        ]
}

3.验证调试及使用介绍

3-1.访问MongoDB

方式1（常用）：

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ mongo admin --host 172.20.12.179 --port 27017 -u admin -p admin123

方式2：

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('admin','admin123')
1
> db
admin

普通用户访问方式相同：

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ mongo bigdatadb --host 172.20.12.179 --port 27017 -u bigdata -p bigdata123
> db
bigdatadb
> exit
bye

3-2.MongoDB远程连接控制

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ cd /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ vim mongod.conf
storage:
    dbPath: "/opt/module/MongoDB/data"
systemLog:
    destination: file
    path: "/opt/module/MongoDB/log/mongod.log"
    logAppend: true
net:
    port: 27017
    bindIpAll: true
processManagement:
    fork: true
security:
  authorization: enabled

bindIp: 0.0.0.0 或者 bindIpAll: true 即允许所有的IPv4和IPv6地址访问

net.bindIp和net.bindIpAll是互斥的。可以指定其中一个，但不能同时指定两个配置

如需要指定个别IP或者某个网段访问可以配置bindIp

例如：

bindIp:192.168.3.11，192.168.3.12，192.168.3.13

bindIp: localhost

3-3.MongoDB使用介绍

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ mongo admin --host 172.20.12.179 --port 27017 -u admin -p admin123
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

切换数据库

> use bigdata
switched to db bigdata

注意: use 代表创建并使用,当库中没有数据时默认不显示这个库

删除数据库

db.dropDatabase()

> use test111
switched to db test111
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin    0.000GB
bigdata  0.000GB
config   0.000GB
local    0.000GB
>

查看表清单

> show tables
# 或者
> show collections

表创建

db.createCollection('集合名称',[options])

> db.createCollection("table1")
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show tables
table1

[options]可选参数：

字段	类型	描述
capped	布尔	（可选）如果为 true，则创建固定集合。固定集合是指有着固定大小的集合，当达到最大值时，它会自动覆盖最早的文档。当该值为 true 时，必须指定 size 参数
size	数值	（可选）为固定集合指定一个最大值，即字节数。如果 capped 为 true，也需要指定该字段
max	数值	（可选）指定固定集合中包含文档的最大数量

注意:当集合(表)不存在时,向集合中插入文档也会自动创建该集合

表中插入数据

db.【表名】.insert("【JSON格式的数据】")

> db.table1.insert({"id":"1","name":"wangting111"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table1.insert({"id":"2","name":"wangting222"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table1.insert({"id":"3","name":"wangting333"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
>

查看表中数据

> db.table1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a21faa98d270a51a7968"),"id" : "1","name" : "wangting111" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a228aa98d270a51a7969"),"id" : "2","name" : "wangting222" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a22faa98d270a51a796a"),"id" : "3","name" : "wangting333" }
>

删除集合(表)

> show tables;
table1
> db.table1.drop()
true
> show tables;
>

文档操作

# 单条文档
> db.table1.insert({"name":"wang111","age":18,"bir":"1989-09-07"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a96c86e1dd7e4acc842f"),"name" : "wang111","age" : 18,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }

# 多条文档
db.table1.insert([
  	{"name":"wang222","bir":"1989-09-08"},{"name":"wang333","bir":"1989-09-09"},{"name":"wang444","age":20,"bir":"1989-09-10"},{"name":"wang555","age":19,"bir":"1989-09-11"}
]);

BulkWriteResult({
        "writeErrors" : [ ],"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],"nInserted" : 4,"nUpserted" : 0,"nMatched" : 0,"nModified" : 0,"nRemoved" : 0,"upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.table1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a96c86e1dd7e4acc842f"),"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8430"),"name" : "wang222","bir" : "1989-09-08" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8431"),"name" : "wang333","bir" : "1989-09-09" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8432"),"name" : "wang444","age" : 20,"bir" : "1989-09-10" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8433"),"name" : "wang555","age" : 19,"bir" : "1989-09-11" }
>
# 支持利用代码循环批量插入
> for(let i=0;i<10;i++){
    db.table1.insert({"_id":i,"name":"wang"+i,"age" : 18+i,"bir" : "1989-09-07"})
}
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.table1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a96c86e1dd7e4acc842f"),"bir" : "1989-09-11" }
{ "_id" : 0,"name" : "wang0","bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 1,"name" : "wang1","bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 2,"name" : "wang2","bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 3,"name" : "wang3","age" : 21,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 4,"name" : "wang4","age" : 22,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 5,"name" : "wang5","age" : 23,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 6,"name" : "wang6","age" : 24,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 7,"name" : "wang7","age" : 25,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 8,"name" : "wang8","age" : 26,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{ "_id" : 9,"name" : "wang9","age" : 27,"bir" : "1989-09-07" }
>

原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/wt334502157/article/details/129161242