一，什么是微服务
微服务的核心就是将传统的一站式应用，根据业务拆分成一个个的服务，彻底去解耦，每一个微服务提供单个业务功能得服务，一个服务做一件事情，从技术角度上看，就是一种小而独立的处理过程，能够自行单独启动或销毁，拥有自己独立的数据库
用官方的话来说
基于springboot提供了一套微服务解决方案，包括服务注册与发现没配置中心，全链路监控
服务网关，负载均衡，熔断器等组件。基于NetFlix的开源组件做高度抽象封装之外，还有一些
选型中立的开源组件
在学习每一门的新技术之前，都离不开官方文档,如一下参考文档
https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-netflix.html
中文api文档: https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html
springcloud中国社区：http://springcloud.cn/
springcloud中文网：https://springcloud.cc
二，谈谈springcloud和springboot之间的区别
springboot是专注于快速方便的开发单个个体微服务
springcloud是关注全局的微服务协调整理治疗框架，他将Springboot开发的一个个单体微服务整合并管理起来，为各个微服务之间提供：配置管理，服务发现，断路器，路由，微代理，时间总线，全局锁，决策竞选，分布式会话等等集成服务
springboot可以离开springCloud独立使用，但是springcloud离不开springboot，属于依赖关系
但是在学习springcloud之前，一定需要先了解springboot的使用
三，这里因为是快速入门，因此以EUREKA的简单集群版作为演示
四，约定 > 配置 > 编码
1，勾选注解生效
五，父工程(主项目)的构建
1,选择site目录
<option name="configurationTypes">
<set>
<option value="SpringBootApplicationConfigurationType" />
</set>
</option>
搜索RunDashboard即可
3，pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--子模块-->
<modules>
<module>provider-payment-8001</module>
<module>consumer-order-80</module>
<module>api-commons</module>
<module>eureka-server-7001</module>
<module>eureka-server-7002</module>
<module>provider-payment-8011</module>
</modules>
<!--不再是默认的jar-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.21</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>true</fork>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
六，目录总结构
七，先说说这个通用的api-commons
由于全局只需要这一个对象，因此把他抽取出来
1,pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--热部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2,实体类CommonResult
package com.zheng.api.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code; //类似404
private String message; //信息描述
private T data; //
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
3,实体类Payment
package com.zheng.api.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private long id;
private String serial;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Payment{" +
"id=" + id +
", serial='" + serial + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
八，一个服务注册中心集群由两个服务注册中心组成，分别为eureka-server-7001和eureka-server-7002
1,修改本地端口号路径映射：C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc\host
在里面加入,如果加不了，则修改属性将只读改为读写
2，新建maven模块，使用的普通的即可。以下需要注意一下，将sdk改成如下
3，pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>eureka-server-7001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--eureka的服务端包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- boot web actuator -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!--引入自己定义的 api 通用包-->
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--热部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
4，application.yml
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
#eureka服务端的实例名称,最后就是用来注册到注册中心，名字随意
hostname: eureka7001.com
client:
#false表示不向注册中心注册自己
register-with-eureka: false
#false表示自己端就是注册中心,职责是维护实例,并不需要检索服务
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
#设置与Eureka Server 交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
#defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
# defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/ #集群指向其他eureka
server:
# 关闭自我保护机制，保证不可用服务被及时剔除.默认开启保护机制 true
enable-self-preservation: false
eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 2000
5，在主启动类上加入注解
//开启eureka注解，代表服务中心
@EnableEurekaServer
6,以上是其中一个注册中心，而另一个注册中心复制一模一样的代码即可，只需要修改application.yml下的端口号即可
九，两个服务提供者，分别是provider-payment-8001和provider-payment-8011
1,pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>provider-payment-8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--包含了sleuth+zipkin;sleuth链路监控展现,P94所需依赖-->
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
-->
<!--客户端-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!--引入自己定义的 api 通用包-->
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--下面两个一定是绑定在一块出现-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--热部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2,application.yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: payment-service #该名字可以随意起，主要用于注册中心的调用 #该名字可以随意起，主要用于注册中心的调用
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springcloud?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: zhs03171812
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.zheng.payment.pojo
#引入jar包后
eureka:
client:
#表示向注册中心注册自己
register-with-eureka: true
#false表示自己端就是注册中心,职责是维护实例,并不需要检索服务
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
#设置与Eureka Server 交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址
#defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka #单机版
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka #集群版
instance:
instance-id: payment8001 #将主机名替换
prefer-ip-address: true
3，由于服务提供者需要与数据库进行操作，则新建数据库,数据随便插入几个即可，方便用于测试
4，分别新建controller,service,pojo,mapper包
PaymentMapper接口
package com.zheng.payment.mapper;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface PaymentMapper {
//插入数据
public int toInsert(Payment payment);
//通过id查询数据
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
PaymentMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zheng.payment.mapper.PaymentMapper">
<insert id="toInsert" parameterType="com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into payment (serial) values (#{serial})
</insert>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"></id>
<id column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"></id>
</resultMap>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
PaymentServiceI接口
package com.zheng.payment.service;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface PaymentServiceI {
//插入数据
public int toInsert(Payment payment);
//通过id查询数据
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
PaymentServiceImpl
package com.zheng.payment.service;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import com.zheng.payment.mapper.PaymentMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentServiceI {
@Autowired
private PaymentMapper paymentMapperl;
@Override
public int toInsert(Payment payment) {
return paymentMapperl.toInsert(payment);
}
@Override
public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) {
return paymentMapperl.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
主启动类上加入注解
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
PaymentController
package com.zheng.payment.controller;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.CommonResult;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import com.zheng.payment.service.PaymentServiceImpl;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Autowired
private PaymentServiceImpl paymentService;
//向外暴露服务
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/toInsert")
public CommonResult toInsert(@RequestBody Payment payment){
int result = paymentService.toInsert(payment);
log.info("**********插入结果是" + result + "qaq");
//无论数据是否插入成功，都得将数据给返回前端
if(result > 0){
return new CommonResult(200,"数据插入成功",result);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据失败",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
log.info("**********查询的结果是" + payment + "qaq");
//无论数据是否插入成功，都得将数据给返回前端
//return new CommonResult(200,"数据查询成功！",payment);
if(payment != null){
return new CommonResult(200,"数据查询成功",payment);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入查询失败",null);
}
}
@GetMapping("payment/discovery")
public DiscoveryClient getDiscoveryClient(){
List<String> services = discoveryClient.getServices();
services.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("PAYMENT-SERVICE");
instances.forEach(e-> System.out.println(e));
return this.discoveryClient;
}
@GetMapping(value = "qaq")
public String qaq(){
return "hello world";
}
}
5,新创建一个新的模块作为服务提供者，只需修改端口号即可，其他代码一致
十，消费者consumer-order-80
1,pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>consumer-order-80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--包含了sleuth+zipkin;sleuth链路监控展现,P94所需依赖-->
<!--<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>-->
<!-- 引入eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!--引入自己定义的 api 通用包-->
<groupId>com.atgui.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!--热部署工具-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2,ApplicationContextConfig.class
package com.zheng.order.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
//告诉springboot这是一个配置类，相当于以前在spring中的applicationContext.xml配置文件
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
//既然是相当于以前的xml的配置文件，那么就可以在里面注入对象了
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //开启负载均衡机制
public RestTemplate getRest(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
3，主程序类中添加注解
@EnableEurekaClient
4,编写OrderController类
package com.zheng.order.controller;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.CommonResult;
import com.zheng.api.pojo.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
public static final String URL = "http://payment-service/";
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/toInsert")
public CommonResult<Payment> toInsert(@RequestBody Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(URL + "payment/toInsert",payment,CommonResult.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(URL+"payment/get/" + id,CommonResult.class);
}
}
十一，测试
新开启eureka两个服务注册中心，在两个开启服务提供者，再开启一个消费者，然后五个微服务全部开启
开始测试，由于修改了本地端口，就可以直接使用本地端口进行测试了
输入：http://eureka7002.com:7002/ 和http://eureka7001.com:7001/
就可以发现服务以及注册到注册中心了
接下来测试客户端能否拿到服务端的数据
测试暴露的服务
测试插入数据
那肯定也保存在数据库中了！
十二，总结
简单的Eureka实现服务中心就成功地部署了！
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/zhenghuishengq/article/details/113790619
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