MySQL主从复制方法

MySQL主从复制

环境准备

软件及系统: CentOS7、MySQL5.7

系统环境准备: yum安装或 源码安装 MySQL 5.7

⚠️需要修改MySQL的安装仓库的设置, 开启5.7的安装源, 关闭8.0的安装源, 若不采用yum安装可使用源码部署

#####原理图: relay log = 中继日志

流程图:

#####Master-Slave架构

##------------------------------------主库设置------------------------------------##

[root@master ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf //开启二进制日志并设置服务ID

[mysqld]

server_id=21

log-bin=mysql-bin

[root@master ~]# systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld

[root@master ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log ##”!!!修改密码!!!“

2018-09-28[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ied,1qj(y/gH

[root@master ~]# mysql -uroot -p'(BavDu..0928)'

mysql> CREATE USER 'replication'@'192.168.13.22' IDENTIFIED BY "#BavDu..0928#";

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.13.22';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000002 | 877 | | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

##------------------------------------主库设置------------------------------------##

##------------------------------------从库设置------------------------------------##

[root@slave ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server_id=22

[root@slave ~]# systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld

[root@slave ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log

2018-09-28[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: dFS:z5DQ/<h5

[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p'(BavDu..0928)'

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO

-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.13.21',

-> MASTER_USER='replication',

-> MASTER_PASSWORD='#BavDu..0928#',

-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',

-> MASTER_LOG_POS=877;

mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status\G;

************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.13.21

Master_User: replication

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1206

Relay_Log_File: slave-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 649

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

##------------------------------------从库设置------------------------------------##

错误:

1.IO线程No,是因为本机网络问题导致或内存不足(可尝试增加虚拟内存)

2.IO线程Connecting,是因为master机器的防火墙未关闭,或对方网络问题或内存不足(可尝试增加虚拟内存)

3.SQL线程No,是因为SELinux未关闭或内存不足(可尝试增加虚拟内存)

4.SQL线程Connecting,是因为本机防火墙未关闭,或内存不足(可尝试虚拟内存)

练习题:

使用三台机器搭建一主两从的mysql架构并能够实现数据同步,部tar署形式不限<脚本、手动都可>

MySQL多源复制(Gtid方式)

##------------------------------------Master01------------------------------------##

[root@mysql_master_01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

server_id = 3

log_bin = master01-bin

binlog-format = ROW

gtid-mode = ON

enforce-gtid-consistency = ON

[root@mysql_master_01 ~]# mysql.service restart

##登录数据库授权用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by "(Rep..0419)";

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

mysql> exit

Bye

##------------------------------------Master01------------------------------------##

##------------------------------------Master02------------------------------------##

[root@mysql_master_02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

server_id = 4

log_bin = master02-bin

binlog-format = ROW

gtid-mode = ON

enforce-gtid-consistency = ON

[root@mysql_master_02 ~]# mysql.service restart

##登录数据库授权用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep'@'%' identified by "(Rep..0419)";

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)

mysql> exit

Bye

##------------------------------------Master02------------------------------------##

##------------------------------------Slave01------------------------------------##

[root@mysql_slave_01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

server_id = 5

relay_log = /usr/local/mysqld/log/relay-bin.log

gtid-mode = ON

enforce-gtid-consistency = ON

master_info_repository=TABLE

relay_log_info_repository=TABLE

[root@mysql_slave_01 ~]# mysql.service restart

##登录数据库授权用户

mysql> reset master;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.161.3', MASTER_USER='bavduer', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_PASSWORD='(Qf..0422)', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL 'master-1';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.161.4', MASTER_USER='bavduer', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_PASSWORD='(bavduer..0422)', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL 'master-2';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.01 sec)

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.161.3

Master_User: bavduer

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: master01-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452

Relay_Log_File: relay-bin-master@002d1.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 671

Relay_Master_Log_File: master01-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

......

*************************** 2. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.168.161.4

Master_User: bavduer

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: master02-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 452

Relay_Log_File: relay-bin-master@002d2.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 671

Relay_Master_Log_File: master02-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

......

mysql> exit

Bye

##------------------------------------Slave01------------------------------------##

练习题:

使用四台机器,部署mysql的双主双从(M-M-S-S)架构实现数据同步,部署形式不限<脚本、手动都可>

读写分离

##构建Java环境

[root@mycat ~]# tar xf jdk-8u181-linux-x64.tar -C /usr/local/

[root@mycat ~]# mv /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_181 /usr/local/java

[root@mycat ~]# vim /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

#source /etc/profile

[root@mycat ~]# java -version

java version "1.8.0_181"ls

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

##安装MyCat服务

[root@mycat ~]# wget http://dl.mycat.io/1.6.5/Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz

[root@mycat ~]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.5-release-20180122220033-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@mycat mycat]# vim /etc/profile

export MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat

[root@mycat mycat]# source /etc/profile

[root@mycat mycat]# ln -s /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat /usr/bin/mycat

##配置MyCat服务

[root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml

<property name="password">(BavDu..0928)</property>

</user>

<property name="password">(BavDu..0928)</property>

</user>

[root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml

</schema>

<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>

</writeHost>

</dataHost>

[root@mycat ~]# vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/wrapper.conf

wrapper.java.command=%JAVA_HOME%/bin/java

[root@mycat ~]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start

##读写分离测试

[root@mycat mycat]# mysql -uroot -p'(BavDu..0928)' -h192.168.13.20 -P8066 -DTEST_DB

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 5

Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.5-release-20180122220033 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [TEST_DB]> show databases;

+----------+

| DATABASE |

+----------+

| TEST_DB |

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL [TEST_DB]> use TEST_DB

Database changed

MySQL [TEST_DB]> create table testtest (id bigint not null primary key, user_id varchar(100), travel_date date, fee decimal, days int);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

MySQL [TEST_DB]> insert into testtest (id,user_id,travel_date,fee,days) values (1,'100', 20160816, 2000, 5);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.49 sec)

MySQL [TEST_DB]> insert into testtest (id,user_id,travel_date,fee,days) values (2,'300', 20160916, 5000, 3);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

MySQL [TEST_DB]>

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/pandaWM/p/11142234.html

MySQL主从复制方法

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