php strftime函数的详细用法

定义和用法

strftime() 函数根据区域设置格式化本地时间／日期。

语法

strftime(format,timestamp)参数 描述 format 可选。规定如何返回结果。 timestamp 可选。 提示和注释 提示：与 gmstrftime() 的行为相同，不同的是返回时间是本地时间。

例子

输出 strftime() 和 gmstrftime() 的结果：

rush:PHP;"> //输出当前日期、时间和时区
echo(gmstrftime("It is %a on %b %d,%Y,%X time zone: %Z",time()));
?>

strftime()函数可以把YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS格式的日期字符串转换成其它形式的字符串。 strftime()的语法是strftime(格式,日期/时间,修正符,...)

它可以用以下的符号对日期和时间进行格式化：

加上一个空格（范围从 ' 1' 到 '31'） 在 Windows 上尚未按描述实现。更多信息见下方。一个星期天作为第一天开始一个至少还有 4 天的星期，星期一作为每周的第一天。（用 %G 或者 %g 作为指定时间戳相应周数的年份组成。）一个星期一作为第一天开始显示世纪（年份除以 100，截成整数）显示年份显示年份显示两位小时数显示两位小时数显示小时数，单个数字前含空格间的大写 “AM” 或 “PM”间的小写 “am” 或 “pm”%r%s %p" 一样%r%s%s" 一样包括日期%stime()函数一样）包括时间文字上的百分字符("%")

这个参数的最大长度是 1023 个字符。

Warning 尽管 ISO 9889:1999（当前的 C 标准）明确指出一周从星期一开始，但是 Sun Solaris 的一周似乎从星期天开始并作为 1。所以 %u 的结果也许不会和手册里描述得一样。

Warning 仅针对 Windows：这个函数里 %e 修饰符修饰符还不能支持 Windows。 为了得到这个值可以用 %#d 修饰符来代替。下例说明了如何写一个跨平台支持的函数。

Warning 仅针对 Mac OS X：这个函数里 %P 修饰符还不能支持 Mac OS X。

timestamp 可选的 timestamp 参数是一个 integer 的 Unix 时间戳，如未指定，参数值默认为当前本地时间。也就是说，其值默认为 time() 的返回值。

strftime()的用法举例如下：

select strftime('%Y.%m.%d %H:%M:%s','Now','localtime'); 结果：2018.06.21 21:41:09 其实更好的用法是这样的,比如统,本月或本年的支出: select strftime('%Y-%m',日期) as 月份,sum(支出) as 月支出 from 流水帐 group by 月份;

Example #1 strftime() locale examples

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Example #2 ISO 8601:1988 week number example

rush:PHP;"> // Outputs: 12/28/2002 - %V,%G,%Y = 52,2002,2002
echo "12/28/2002 - %V,%Y = " . strftime("%V,%Y",strtotime("12/28/2002")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 12/30/2002 - %V,%Y = 1,2003,2002
echo "12/30/2002 - %V,strtotime("12/30/2002")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/3/2003 - %V,2003
echo "1/3/2003 - %V,strtotime("1/3/2003")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/10/2003 - %V,%Y = 2,2003
echo "1/10/2003 - %V,strtotime("1/10/2003")) . "\n";

/* December 2004 / January 2005
ISOWk M Tu W Thu F Sa Su

---

51 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
52 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
53 27 28 29 30 31 1 2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 */

// Outputs: 12/23/2004 - %V,2004,2004
echo "12/23/2004 - %V,strtotime("12/23/2004")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 12/31/2004 - %V,%Y = 53,2004
echo "12/31/2004 - %V,strtotime("12/31/2004")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/2/2005 - %V,2005
echo "1/2/2005 - %V,strtotime("1/2/2005")) . "\n";

// Outputs: 1/3/2005 - %V,2005,2005
echo "1/3/2005 - %V,strtotime("1/3/2005")) . "\n";

?>

Example #3 Cross platform compatible example using the %e modifier

rush:PHP;"> PHP

// Jan 1: results in: '%e%1%' (%%,e,%%,%e,%%)
$format = '%%e%%%e%%';

// Check for Windows to find and replace the %e
// modifier correctly
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS,3)) == 'WIN') {
$format = preg_replace('#(?<!%)((?:%%)*)%e#','\1%#d',$format);
}

echo strftime($format);
?>

Example #4 display all kNown and unkNown formats.

rush:PHP;"> 'A full textual representation of the day','B' => 'Full month name,based on the locale','C' => 'Two digit representation of the century (year divided by 100,truncated to an integer)','D' => 'Same as "%m/%d/%y"','E' => '','F' => 'Same as "%Y-%m-%d"','G' => 'The full four-digit version of %g','H' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 24-hour format','I' => 'Two digit representation of the hour in 12-hour format','J' => '','K' => '','L' => '','M' => 'Two digit representation of the minute','N' => '','O' => '','P' => 'lower-case "am" or "pm" based on the given time','Q' => '','R' => 'Same as "%H:%M"','S' => 'Two digit representation of the second','T' => 'Same as "%H:%M:%s"','U' => 'Week number of the given year,starting with the first Sunday as the first week','V' => 'ISO-8601:1988 week number of the given year,starting with the first week of the year with at least 4 weekdays,with Monday being the start of the week','W' => 'A numeric representation of the week of the year,starting with the first Monday as the first week','X' => 'Preferred time representation based on locale,without the date','Y' => 'Four digit representation for the year','Z' => 'The time zone offset/abbreviation option NOT given by %z (depends on operating system)','a' => 'An abbreviated textual representation of the day','b' => 'Abbreviated month name,'c' => 'Preferred date and time stamp based on local','d' => 'Two-digit day of the month (with leading zeros)','e' => 'Day of the month,with a space preceding single digits','f' => '','g' => 'Two digit representation of the year going by ISO-8601:1988 standards (see %V)','h' => 'Abbreviated month name,based on the locale (an alias of %b)','i' => '','j' => 'Day of the year,3 digits with leading zeros','k' => 'Hour in 24-hour format,'l' => 'Hour in 12-hour format,'m' => 'Two digit representation of the month','n' => 'A newline character ("\n")','o' => '','p' => 'UPPER-CASE "AM" or "PM" based on the given time','q' => '','r' => 'Same as "%I:%M:%s %p"','s' => 'Unix Epoch Time timestamp','t' => 'A Tab character ("\t")','u' => 'ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week','v' => '','w' => 'Numeric representation of the day of the week','x' => 'Preferred date representation based on locale,without the time','y' => 'Two digit representation of the year','z' => 'Either the time zone offset from UTC or the abbreviation (depends on operating system)','%' => 'A literal percentage character ("%")',);

// Results.
$strftimeValues = array();

// Evaluate the formats whilst suppressing any errors.
foreach($strftimeFormats as $format => $description){
if (False !== ($value = @strftime("%{$format}"))){
$strftimeValues[$format] = $value;
}
}

// Find the longest value.
$maxValueLength = 2 + max(array_map('strlen',$strftimeValues));

// Report kNown formats.
foreach($strftimeValues as $format => $value){
echo "KNown format : '{$format}' = ",str_pad("'{$value}'",$maxValueLength)," ( {$strftimeFormats[$format]} )\n";
}

// Report unkNown formats.
foreach(array_diff_key($strftimeFormats,$strftimeValues) as $format => $description){
echo "UnkNown format : '{$format}' ",str_pad(' ',($description ? " ( {$description} )" : ''),"\n";
}
?>

下面是其他网友的补充

PHP strftime()的使用

string strftime ( string format[,inttimestamp = time() ] )

返回用给定的格式字串对给出的 timestamp 进行格式输出后的字符串。如果没有给出时间戳则用当前的本地时间。

Example1:

rush:PHP;">

本年中的第·31·周

Example2:

rush:PHP;">

現在時間是：20.July 2015 17:01:26

Example3:

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日期時間格式化為:15.October 2018 00:00:00