利用Oracle VM VirtualBox搭建单master节点的k8s集群

分类：菜鸟笔记作者：qq_30758629

这个步骤是我一边搭建，一边查资料，一边记录的，希望会对正在查找资料的你有帮助。

目录

一.搭建环境：Oracle VM VirtualBox

二.系统初始化

三.安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

四.部署 Kubernetes Master

五.安装 Pod 网络插件（CNI）

六.加入 Kubernetes Node

七.测试k8s集群

一.搭建环境：Oracle VM VirtualBox

创建3个虚机，1个充当master节点，2个充当node节点

操作系统镜像：CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso  (centos官网下载即可)

硬件配置：2GB +，2 个 CPU +

集群中所有机器之间网络互通

可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像

禁止 swap 分区 （在第二部分系统初始化中有设置）

其他设置都默认就可以

需要注意：为在后期方便在本地通过xshell ssh到虚机内部（Oracle VM VirtualBox太难用了），需要设置下：

1.虚机网络--我这里选择的是桥接网卡,因为比较方便。

2.要进行的一步则是开放22端口，需要进行防火墙的设置

# 防火墙配置，开放22端口
sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22/tcp --permanent
# 重启防火墙
sudo systemctl restart firewalld.service

3.编辑这个文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3 (你的虚机可能叫类似的别的名字)

4.文件里设置ONBOOT=yes

5.重启网络服务

systemctl restart network.service

6.在虚拟机中执行 ip addr 命令，找到ip地址，直接ssh 远程连接

二.系统初始化

1.安装wget

yum install wget

2.关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

3.永久关闭selinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

4.永久关闭swap

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

5.改主机名，把三个虚机名改成master，node1，node2，容易操作

可通过hostname命令查看结果

hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

6 在 master 节点添加 hosts： ip改成你自己的ip

$ vi/etc/hosts 
192.168.31.61 master 
192.168.31.62 node1 
192.168.31.63 node2

7. 将桥接的 IPv4 流量传递到 iptables 的链：

vi /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 

sysctl --system # 生效

8. 时间同步：

yum install ntpdate -y ntpdate time.windows.com

三.安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

1.Kubernetes 默认 CRI（容器运行时）为 Docker，因此先安装 Docker。

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O 
/etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo 
$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7 
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker 
$ docker --version

2.添加阿里云 YUM 软件源

设置仓库地址 
# vi /etc/docker/daemon.json
{ 
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] 
}

3.添加 yum 源

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes] 
name=Kubernetesbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 
enabled=1 
gpgcheck=0 
repo_gpgcheck=0 
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg 
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

4.安装 kubeadm，kubelet 和 kubectl

$ yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl 
$ systemctl enable kubelet

四.部署 Kubernetes Master

1.Master节点执行

注意：--apiserver-advertise-address=172.27.3.238是你master节点的ip地址

其他和我保持一致就好

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=172.27.3.238 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.17.0 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

注意记录下方信息

2.使用 kubectl 工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

 3.检查下集群的node情况，现在是无node的情况，等下面的步骤执行完，再次运行，会发现被添加到集群中的node

$ kubectl get nodes

五.安装 Pod 网络插件（CNI）

$ kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

kube-flannel.yml文件的内容是：


apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
  privileged: false
  volumes:
    - configMap
    - secret
    - emptyDir
    - hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
    - pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
    - pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
  # Users and groups
  runAsUser:
    rule: RunAsAny
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: RunAsAny
  fsGroup:
    rule: RunAsAny
  # Privilege Escalation
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # Capabilities
  allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
  defaultAddCapabilities: []
  requiredDropCapabilities: []
  # Host namespaces
  hostPID: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostNetwork: true
  hostPorts:
  - min: 0
    max: 65535
  # SELinux
  seLinux:
    # SELinux is unused in CaaSP
    rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['extensions']
    resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
    verbs: ['use']
    resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - pods
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes/status
    verbs:
      - patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - amd64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm64
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - arm
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - ppc64le
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
              - matchExpressions:
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - linux
                  - key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
                    operator: In
                    values:
                      - s390x
      hostNetwork: true
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
          limits:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
             add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      volumes:
        - name: run
          hostPath:
            path: /run/flannel
        - name: cni
          hostPath:
            path: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          configMap:
            name: kube-flannel-cfg

六.加入 Kubernetes Node

（1）在 Node上执行 向集群添加新节点，执行在 kubeadm init 输出的 kubeadm join 命令：

kubeadm join 172.27.3.238:6443 --token v0p5w5.3lejfnewe7qrmai8 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:590e48120afd80adad159f1a27ab57e6011bb07df8d8a0f85ea04c6e1305e19c

七.测试k8s集群

在集群中创建第一个pod

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx

$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort

$ kubectl get pod,svc

如果版本版本不对的话会报错：可以先卸载，在安装1.17.0，亲测可以

yum remove kubeadm.x86_64 kubectl.x86_64 kubelet.x86_64

yum install -y kubelet-1.17.0 kubeadm-1.17.0 kubectl-1.17.0

其他问题：

yum makecache的时候 报错 Cannot find a valid baseurl for repo: base/7/x86_64

解决：vi /etc/resolv.conf

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假如你已经使用过苹果开发者中心上架app，你肯定知道在苹果开发者中心的web界面，无法直接提交ipa文件，而是需要使用第三方工具，将ipa文件上传到构建版本，开...
SQL 入门篇之什么是别名？
下面的 SQL 语句指定了两个别名，一个是 name 列的别名，一个是 country 列的别名。**提示：**如果列名称包含空格，要求使用双引号或方括号：
windows上传ipa文件到app store的方法​
在使用H5混合开发的app打包后，需要将ipa文件上传到appstore进行发布，就需要去苹果开发者中心进行发布。​
SQL AND & OR 运算符
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
C++ 数组
数组的声明并不是声明一个个单独的变量，比如 number0、number1、...、number99，而是声明一个数组变量，比如 numbers，然后使用 nu...
最全iOS 应用上架流程提交到AppStore
第一步：到appuploader官网下载辅助工具和iCloud驱动，使用前面创建的AppID登录。
SQL ALTER TABLE 语句
如需删除表中的列，请使用下面的语法（请注意，某些数据库系统不允许这种在数据库表中删除列的方式）：
dism操作巨慢
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三种方法卸载Symantec Endpoint Protection 赛门铁克
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实测Python 3.6.6用pip 21.3.1，再高就报错了，Python 3.10.7用pip 22.3.1是可以的
博通和诺顿
Broadcom Corporation （博通公司，股票代号AVGO）是全球领先的有线和无线通信半导体公司。其产品实现向家庭、 办公室和移动环境以及在这些环境...
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基础网络windows不要使用TAT、如何卸载TAT
TAT：https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1340
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