Ubuntu/Linux安装JDK、Mysql、Redis、Rabbitmq、Nginx 并设置开机自启动

前言

1、Ubuntu安装版本为20.04
2、文中安装包也可以从网盘下载
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1YAXhSByi0fQULPR6lV3yGg
提取码：ubun
3、相关查看命令

# 查看所有服务列表
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ systemctl list-unit-files

# 利用grep过滤指定服务（如下：查看mysqld服务开机自启动设置）
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ systemctl list-unit-files | grep mysql

# 查看系统中某个文件或文件夹
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ find / -name 'my.cnf'

1、JDK安装

1.1 jdk下载

先去Oracle官网下载jdk，本人使用版本为jdk-8u351

1.2 jdk上传并解压

将上面的jdk上传到服务器，使用下面命令解压

sudo tar -zxvf jdk-8u351-linux-x64.tar.gz

命令参数解释

参数	含义
tar	Linux压缩/解压缩命令
-z	代表gzip，使用gzip工具进行压缩或解压 (后缀是*.tar.gz *.tar不需要)
-x	代表extract，解压文件（压缩文件是-c）
-v	代表verbose，显示解压过程（文件列表）
-f	代表file，指定要解压的文件名（or 要压缩成的文件名）

1.3 jdk安装

1.3.1 获取jdk安装路径(使用pwd命令)

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/jdk1.8.0_351$ pwd
/home/ubuntu/lyqc/jdk1.8.0_351

将上面的路径记录下来，后面需要配置环境

1.3.2 配置环境变量

vim ~/.bashrc   #按键盘上的i进入insert模式

在文件的末尾添加下面内容

#set oracle jdk environment
export JAVA_HOME=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/jdk1.8.0_351  ## 这里要注意目录要换成自己解压的jdk目录
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

按 Esc键盘，输入 :wq 保存并退出
通过输入一下命令，使配置生效

source ~/.bashrc 

最后输入 java -version 测试下是否安装成功

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/jdk1.8.0_351$ java -version
java version "1.8.0_351"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_351-b10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.351-b10,mixed mode)
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/jdk1.8.0_351$ 

2、Mysql安装

2.1 mysql下载

进入mysql官网下载对应的版本

本人下载的版本是5.7.36

2.2 mysql上传并解压

使用命令mkdir mysql创建mysql目录，并解压到mysql目录下

tar -xvf mysql-server_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar -C mysql/

查看

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc$ cd mysql
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ ls
libmysqlclient20_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb    mysql-common_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb            mysql-community-test_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb  mysql-community-client_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb  mysql-server_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
libmysqld-dev_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb       mysql-community-server_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb  mysql-testsuite_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
mysql-client_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb        mysql-community-source_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ 

2.3 mysql安装

2.3.1 使用dpkg -i命令顺序安装

sudo dpkg -i mysql-common_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient20_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i libmysqlclient-dev_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i libmysqld-dev_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 
sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 

在安装mysql server这个包的时候 会报依赖错误 暂时先不管

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-server.
(Reading database ... 74128 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-server_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-server (5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-community-server:
mysql-community-server depends on mysql-client (= 5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04); however:
Package mysql-client is not installed.
mysql-community-server depends on libmecab2; however:
Package libmecab2 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-community-server (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
mysql-community-server

接着我们安装mysql-client 然后此时你会发现 又提示缺少mysql-community-client这个依赖包 继续装

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-client_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client.
(Reading database ... 74290 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mysql-client_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client (5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-client:
mysql-client depends on mysql-community-client (= 5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04); however:
Package mysql-community-client is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-client (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
mysql-client

再安装mysql-community-client，发现又缺少libmecab这个包了

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb 
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client.
(Reading database ... 74296 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client_5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-client (5.7.36-1ubuntu18.04) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-community-client:
mysql-community-client depends on libtinfo5 (>= 6); however:
Package libtinfo5 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-community-client (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
mysql-community-client 

接下来使用命令 apt --fix-broken install 自动解决依赖问题，选择y同意

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ sudo apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libmecab2 libtinfo5
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libmecab2 libtinfo5
0 upgraded,2 newly installed,0 to remove and 50 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 298 kB of archives.
After this operation,1,432 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

2.3.2 在接下来的弹框中输入你的mysql密码就可以了

2.3.3 输入完两次密码后，mysql的安装就完成了，验证一下

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/mysql$ mysql -u root -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000,2021,Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

2.4 mysql远程连接

2.4.1 首先 进入mysql库 查看user表

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> 
mysql> select User,Host from user;
+---------------+-----------+
| User          | Host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
| root          | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

发现root的Host是localhost 这里需要修改为 ‘%’
%表示哪里都可以访问

mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; 
Query OK,1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select User,Host from user;
+---------------+-----------+
| User          | Host      |
+---------------+-----------+
| root          | %         |
| mysql.session | localhost |
| mysql.sys     | localhost |
+---------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges; 
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

2.4.2 接下来还需要修改mysql的配置文件

sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

将bind-address修改为0.0.0.0（表示不限制ip）

保存退出 重启mysql服务

systemctl restart mysql

2.5 mysql设置开机自启动

2.5.1 创建一个服务单元

vi /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

2.5.2 单元内容

[Unit]
Description=mysql
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=service mysql start
ExecReload=service mysql restart
ExecStop=service mysql stop
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

2.5.3 重新加载服务并设置开机自启动

# 重新加载服务
systemctl daemon-reload
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable mysql.service

3、Redis安装

3.1 redis环境配置

安装gcc

 sudo apt-get install -y gcc
 sudo apt-get install -y g++
 sudo apt-get install -y gcc automake autoconf libtool make
 sudo apt-get install pkg-config

3.2 redis下载

进入redis官网下载对应的版本

3.3 redis上传并解压

使用命令mkdir redis创建redis目录，并解压到redis目录下

tar -zxvf redis-6.2.6.tar.gz

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis$ ls
bin  redis-6.2.6  redis-6.2.6.tar.gz
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis$ 

3.4 redis安装

3.4.1 进入到redis-6.2.6目录，查看是否存在Makefile文件，存在则直接make编译

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis/redis-6.2.6$ ls
00-RELEASENOTES  CONDUCT       COPYING  INSTALL   MANIFESTO  redis.conf  runtest-cluster    runtest-sentinel  src    TLS.md
BUGS             CONTRIBUTING  deps     Makefile   README.md  runtest     runtest-moduleapi  sentinel.conf     tests  utils
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis/redis-6.2.6$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis/redis-6.2.6$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis/redis-6.2.6$ sudo make

安装时间稍长 如果出现以下信息则表示编译成功

Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' ;) 

3.4.2 安装编译后的redis放在指定目录下 会在指定目录生成bin目录

make install PREFIX=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis

出现以下信息表示安装成功

Hint: It's a good idea to run 'make test' ;)

    INSTALL redis-server
    INSTALL redis-benchmark
    INSTALL redis-cli

3.4.3 redis启动

进入bin目录执行 ./redis-server 即可启动redis

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis/bin$ ls
redis-benchmark  redis-check-aof  redis-check-rdb  redis-cli  redis.conf  redis-sentinel  redis-server
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/redis/bin$ ./redis-server

为了让redis后台启动 我们需要修改bin下面的redis.conf 将 daemonize no -> daemonize yes (no->yes 启动方式由前台启动改为后台启动)

vim redis.conf

修改bind ip地址为0.0.0.0 以便远程连接

输入 ESC -> :wq -> Enter 保存并退出

3.5 redis开机自启动

3.5.1 创建一个服务单元

vi /lib/systemd/system/redis.service

3.5.2 单元内容

[Unit]
Description=redis
After=network.target
 
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis/bin/redis-server /home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis/bin/redis.conf
ExecStop=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis/bin/redis-cli shutdown
PrivateTmp=true
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

3.5.3 重新加载并设置开机自启动

# 重新加载服务
systemctl daemon-reload
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable redis.service

本人设置了之后并没有生效 使用了下面的方法实现了自启动

# 1、建立redis文件夹
mkdir /etc/redis
# 2、把redis源码文件中redis.conf复制到/etc/redis/目录下
cp /home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis/bin/redis.conf /etc/redis/6379.conf
# 3、拷贝redis源码中初始化文件redis_init_script到/etc/init.d/redis
cp /home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis/redis-6.2.6/utils/redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redis
# 4、修改/etc/init.d/redis配置文件中EXEC和CLIEXEC与自己路径一致
EXEC=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis/bin/redis-server
CLIEXEC=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/redis/bin/redis-cli
# 5、加入开机自启项
chkconfig redis on
# 6、7、然后 vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local 在文件rc.local中添加启动命令 （保证命令可运行）
vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
/etc/init.d/redis start

4、Rabbitmq安装

rabbitmq使用的语言是erlang 所以需要先安装erlang

4.1 erlang下载

官网地址下载对应版本

下载的时候要注意erlang版本和rabbitmq版本对应 可通过地址查看对应关系

4.2 erlang安装

执行安装命令

sudo dpkg -i esl-erlang_25.3-1~ubuntu~focal_amd64.deb

命令执行后会出现缺少软件包的错误，可以去地址：https://packages.ubuntu.com/下载对应的安装包 需要注意 ubunut版本20.04对应的focal
然后把所有下载好的deb包放在一起 执行命令安装

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

本人执行的是：

sudo apt-get install libwxbase3.0-0v5
# 按照上面命令执行后的提示 执行下面命令
sudo apt --fix-broken install

执行erl命令查看erl是否安装成功

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/rabbitmq$ erl
Erlang/OTP 25 [erts-13.2] [source] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [ds:4:4:10] [async-threads:1] [jit:ns]

Eshell V13.2  (abort with ^G)
1> halt().
# halt(). 是erlang的控制台中断语句 注意最后的点号
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/rabbitmq$ 

4.3 rabbitmq 下载

进入官网下载对应版本的rabbitmq
本人官网打不开，用的下载地址是： https://packagecloud.io/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server?filter=debs&page=4
下载的版本是rabbitmq-server_3.11.19-1_all.deb

服务器版本不同，下载的rabbitmq描述名称是不同的

4.4 rabbitmq安装

# 安装rabbitmq包
sudo dpkg -i rabbitmq-server_3.11.19-1_all.deb
# 设置管理员用户名密码
sudo rabbitmqctl add_user root root
# 授予管理员的访问权限
sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags root administrator
# 启用rabbitmq的管理插件
sudo rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

# 重启rabbitmq 使上面更改生效
sudo systemctl restart rabbitmq-server

4.5 rabbitmq 开机自启动

4.5.1 创建一个服务单元

vi /lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq.service

4.5.2 单元内容

[Unit]
Description=rabbitmq
After=network.target
 
[Service]
Type=forking
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/rabbitmq-server -detached
ExecReload=/usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop
ExecStop=/usr/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop
PrivateTmp=true
 
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

4.5.3 重新加载服务并设置开机自启动

# 重新加载服务
systemctl daemon-reload
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable rabbitmq.service

5、Nginx安装

5.1 nginx环境配置

下载nginx相关依赖包

sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev
sudo apt-get install zlib1g zlib1g-dev
sudo sudo apt-get install openssl
sudo sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

5.2 nginx下载

进入nginx官网下载对应的版本

5.3 nginx上传并解压

使用命令mkdir nginx创建nginx目录，并解压到nginx目录下

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/nginx$ ls
client_body_temp  conf  fastcgi_temp  html  logs  nginx-1.20.2  nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz  proxy_temp  sbin  scgi_temp  uwsgi_temp
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/lyqc/nginx$ 

5.4 nginx安装

5.4.1 配置

./configure --prefix=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

说明

参数	含义
–prefix=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/nginx	指定安装目录为/home/ubuntu/lyqc/nginx。在编译和安装完成后，软件将被安装到该目录下
-with-http_stub_status_module	启用 HTTP Stub Status 模块。该模块是 Nginx 的一个内置模块，用于获取 Nginx 服务器的状态信息
–with-http_ssl_module	启用 HTTP SSL 模块。该模块使得 Nginx 支持通过 HTTPS 提供安全的加密传输

5.4.2 编译和安装

# 编译
sudo make
# 安装
sudo make install

5.5 nginx启动

# 切换到nginx的安装目录
cd /home/ubuntu/lyqc/nginx/sbin

# 启动nginx
./nginx

5.6 nginx开机自启动

5.6.1 创建一个服务单元

vi /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

5.6.2 单元内容

[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
TimeoutSec=0 #防止启动超时
User=root
Group=root
cription=nacos
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
TimeoutSec=0 #防止启动超时
User=root
Group=root

ExecStart=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/home/ubuntu/lyqc/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit

Restart=on-failure
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

5.6.3 重新加载服务并设置开机自启动

# 重新加载服务
systemctl daemon-reload
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable nginx.service

6 Jar包设置开机自启动

# 1.切换至java目录
cd /home/java

# 2.创建启动脚本
vi jar_start.sh

#!/bin/bash
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_351   #对应的 jdk 位置 
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
nohup java -jar /home/java/jeecg.jar > /home/java/jeecg.log 2>&1 &
echo $! > /home/java/jar_start.pid   #将上一次启动的pid 写入到指定文件

# 3.创建结束脚本
vi jar_stop.sh

#!/bin/sh
PID=$(cat /home/java/jar_start.pid)
kill -9 $PID

# 4.创建服务单元
vi /lib/systemd/system/jeecg.service

# 5.单元内容
[Unit]
Description=jeecg_service
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
# /bin/bash 下面这个一定要加，之前没有加的时候，报了好久的203错误
ExecStart= /bin/bash /home/java/jar_start.sh
ExecStop=/home/java/jar_stop.sh
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 6.重新加载并加入开机自启动
# 重新加载服务
systemctl daemon-reload
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable jeecg.service

原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_53729939/article/details/133267847