linux – 自定义Centos5 AMI内核恐慌

我正在尝试在亚马逊上构建一个Custom Centos 5 AMI,并在启动时内核恐慌.
我花了将近一个星期的时间,我无法弄清楚出了什么问题.

我遵循了以下食谱：
http://blog.maclawran.ca/gotchas-porting-centos-58-from-virtualbox-to

我也尝试过互联网上其他类似的食谱,结果相同.我从上面的配方中改变的唯一事情是：

>使用最新的Centos ISO / repos(5.9)
>有一个分区(/ boot里面/)
>使用ext4而不是ext3的根分区

步骤几乎如下：

>在Virtual Box上安装Centos
>将.vdi磁盘转换为.img
>将磁盘映像上传到AWS
>将图像复制到卷
>对initrd,fstab,grub.conf进行一些更改
>快照量
>创建AMI
>启动新实例

EC2系统日志

Xen Minimal OS!
  start_info: 0xac4000(VA)
    nr_pages: 0x26700
  shared_inf: 0xbfa11000(MA)
     pt_base: 0xac7000(VA)
nr_pt_frames: 0x9
    mfn_list: 0x990000(VA)
   mod_start: 0x0(VA)
     mod_len: 0
       flags: 0x0
    cmd_line: root=/dev/sda1 ro 4
  stack:      0x94f860-0x96f860
MM: Init
      _text: 0x0(VA)
     _etext: 0x5ffbd(VA)
   _erodata: 0x78000(VA)
     _edata: 0x80ae0(VA)
stack start: 0x94f860(VA)
       _end: 0x98fe68(VA)
  start_pfn: ad3
    max_pfn: 26700
Mapping memory range 0xc00000 - 0x26700000
setting 0x0-0x78000 readonly
skipped 0x1000
MM: Initialise page allocator for c01000(c01000)-26700000(26700000)
MM: done
Demand map pfns at 26701000-2026701000.
Heap resides at 2026702000-4026702000.
Initialising timer interface
Initialising console ... done.
gnttab_table mapped at 0x26701000.
Initialising scheduler
Thread "Idle": pointer: 0x2026702010,stack: 0x26640000
Initialising xenbus
Thread "xenstore": pointer: 0x20267027c0,stack: 0x26650000
Dummy main: start_info=0x96f960
Thread "main": pointer: 0x2026702f70,stack: 0x26660000
"main" "root=/dev/sda1" "ro" "4" 
vbd 2049 is hd0
******************* BLKFRONT for device/vbd/2049 **********


backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049
Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049/feature-barrier.
Failed to read /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049/feature-flush-cache.
16777216 sectors of 512 bytes
**************************

Press `ESC' to enter the menu... 1   
Press `ESC' to enter the menu... 0   
    [H
    [J  Booting 'CentOS (2.6.18-348.2.1.el5)'



root (hd0,0)

 Filesystem type is ext2fs,partition type 0x83

kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ro root=LABEL=/

initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xenec2.img



xc_dom_probe_bzimage_kernel: kernel is not a bzImage
close blk: backend at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049
Bootdata ok (command line is ro root=LABEL=/)

Linux version 2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ([e-mail]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 5 17:05:33 EST 2013

BIOS-provided physical RAM map:

 Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000026f00000 (usable)

No mptable found.

Built 1 zonelists.  Total pages: 155531

Kernel command line: ro root=LABEL=/

Initializing CPU#0

PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12,32768 bytes)

Xen reported: 2666.746 MHz processor.

Console: colour dummy device 80x25

Dentry cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8,1048576 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 7,524288 bytes)

Software IO TLB disabled

Memory: 602796k/637952k available (2559k kernel code,26616k reserved,1762k data,196k init)

Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 6688.32 BogoMIPS (lpj=13376641)

Security Framework v1.0.0 initialized

SELinux:  Initializing.

selinux_register_security:  Registering secondary module capability

Capability LSM initialized as secondary

Mount-cache hash table entries: 256

CPU: L1 I cache: 32K,L1 D cache: 32K

CPU: L2 cache: 6144K

CPU: Physical Processor ID: 0

CPU: Processor Core ID: 3

(SMP-)alternatives turned off

Brought up 1 CPUs

checking if image is initramfs... it is

Grant table initialized

NET: Registered protocol family 16

Brought up 1 CPUs

PCI: setting up Xen PCI frontend stub

ACPI: Interpreter disabled.

Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay

pnp: PnP ACPI: disabled

xen_mem: Initialising balloon driver.

usbcore: registered new driver usbfs

usbcore: registered new driver hub

PCI: System does not support PCI

PCI: System does not support PCI

NetLabel: Initializing

NetLabel:  domain hash size = 128

NetLabel:  protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4

NetLabel:  unlabeled traffic allowed by default

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6,262144 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 131072 (order: 9,2097152 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 65536 (order: 8,1048576 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 131072 bind 65536)

TCP reno registered

audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)

type=2000 audit(1363277397.008:1): initialized

VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1

Dquot-cache hash table entries: 512 (order 0,4096 bytes)

Initializing Cryptographic API

alg: No test for crc32c (crc32c-generic)

ksign: Installing public key data

Loading keyring

- Added public key 1A2C6C3E680FB539

- User ID: CentOS (Kernel Module GPG key)

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler anticipatory registered

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered (default)

pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5

rtc: IRQ 8 is not free.

Non-volatile memory driver v1.2

Linux agpgart interface v0.101 (c) Dave Jones

brd: module loaded

Xen virtual console successfully installed as xvc0

Bootdata ok (command line is ro root=LABEL=/)

Linux version 2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ([e-mail]) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-54)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 5 17:05:33 EST 2013

BIOS-provided physical RAM map:

 Xen: 0000000000000000 - 0000000026f00000 (usable)

No mptable found.

Built 1 zonelists.  Total pages: 155531

Kernel command line: ro root=LABEL=/

Initializing CPU#0

PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 12,4096 bytes)

Initializing Cryptographic API

alg: No test for crc32c (crc32c-generic)

ksign: Installing public key data

Loading keyring

- Added public key 1A2C6C3E680FB539

- User ID: CentOS (Kernel Module GPG key)

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler anticipatory registered

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered (default)

pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5

rtc: IRQ 8 is not free.

Non-volatile memory driver v1.2

Linux agpgart interface v0.101 (c) Dave Jones

brd: module loaded

Xen virtual console successfully installed as xvc0

Event-channel device installed.

Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2

ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx

ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide

usbcore: registered new driver hiddev

usbcore: registered new driver usbhid

drivers/usb/input/hid-core.c: v2.6:USB HID core driver

PNP: No PS/2 controller found. Probing ports directly.

i8042.c: No controller found.

mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256,MD_SB_DISKS=27

md: bitmap version 4.39

TCP bic registered

Initializing IPsec netlink socket

NET: Registered protocol family 1

NET: Registered protocol family 17

XENBUS: Device with no driver: device/vbd/2049

XENBUS: Device with no driver: device/vif/0

XENBUS: Device with no driver: device/console/0

Initalizing network drop monitor service

Write protecting the kernel read-only data: 506k

Red Hat nash version 5.1.19.6 starting
Mounting proc filesystem
Mounting sysfs filesystem
Creating /dev
Creating initial device nodes
Setting up hotplug.
Creating block device nodes.
Loading ehci-hcd.ko module
Loading ohci-hcd.ko module
Loading uhci-hcd.ko module
USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v3.0

Loading scsi_mod.ko module
SCSI subsystem initialized

Loading sd_mod.ko module
Loading libata.ko module
Loading ata_piix.ko module
Loading ahci.ko module
Loading dm-mem-cache.ko module
Loading dm-mod.ko module
device-mapper: uevent: version 1.0.3

device-mapper: ioctl: 4.11.6-ioctl (2011-02-18) initialised: [e-mail]

Loading dm-log.ko module
Loading dm-region_hash.ko module
Loading dm-message.ko module
Loading dm-raid45.ko module
device-mapper: dm-raid45: initialized v0.2594l

Loading xenblk.ko module
Registering block device major 8

register_blkdev: cannot get major 8 for sd

xen_blk: can't get major 8 with name sd

vbd vbd-2049: 19 xlvbd_add at /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/2087/2049

Loading xennet.ko module
netfront: Initialising virtual ethernet driver.

netfront: device eth0 has copying receive path.

Waiting for driver initialization.
Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices
Creating root device.
mkrootdev: expected fs options
Mounting root filesystem.
mount: missing mount point
Setting up other filesystems.
Setting up new root fs
setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory
no fstab.sys,mounting internal defaults
setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory
setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory
Switching to new root and running init.
unmounting old /dev
unmounting old /proc
unmounting old /sys
switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

/boot/grub/grub.conf文件

default=0
timeout=2
hiddenmenu

title CentOS (2.6.18-348.2.1.el5)
   root (hd0,0)
   kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xen ro root=LABEL=/
   initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xenec2.img

/ etc / fstab文件

LABEL=/                 /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

AMI设置：

Root Device:      /dev/sda1
Kernel ID:        aki-8b655dff
Architecture:     x86_64
Root Device Type: ebs
Image Size:       8 GiB
Block Devices:    /dev/sda1=snap-4dfffb65:8:true:standard

实例设置：

Root Device:   sda1
Block Devices: sda1

/boot/initrd-2.6.18-348.2.1.el5xenec2.img中的init脚本

#!/bin/nash

mount -t proc /proc /proc
setquiet
echo Mounting proc filesystem
echo Mounting sysfs filesystem
mount -t sysfs /sys /sys
echo Creating /dev
mount -o mode=0755 -t tmpfs /dev /dev
mkdir /dev/pts
mount -t devpts -o gid=5,mode=620 /dev/pts /dev/pts
mkdir /dev/shm
mkdir /dev/mapper
echo Creating initial device nodes
mknod /dev/null c 1 3
mknod /dev/zero c 1 5
mknod /dev/urandom c 1 9
mknod /dev/systty c 4 0
mknod /dev/tty c 5 0
mknod /dev/console c 5 1
mknod /dev/ptmx c 5 2
mknod /dev/rtc c 10 135
mknod /dev/tty0 c 4 0
mknod /dev/tty1 c 4 1
mknod /dev/tty2 c 4 2
mknod /dev/tty3 c 4 3
mknod /dev/tty4 c 4 4
mknod /dev/tty5 c 4 5
mknod /dev/tty6 c 4 6
mknod /dev/tty7 c 4 7
mknod /dev/tty8 c 4 8
mknod /dev/tty9 c 4 9
mknod /dev/tty10 c 4 10
mknod /dev/tty11 c 4 11
mknod /dev/tty12 c 4 12
mknod /dev/ttyS0 c 4 64
mknod /dev/ttyS1 c 4 65
mknod /dev/ttyS2 c 4 66
mknod /dev/ttyS3 c 4 67
echo Setting up hotplug.
hotplug
echo Creating block device nodes.
mkblkdevs
echo "Loading ehci-hcd.ko module"
insmod /lib/ehci-hcd.ko 
echo "Loading ohci-hcd.ko module"
insmod /lib/ohci-hcd.ko 
echo "Loading uhci-hcd.ko module"
insmod /lib/uhci-hcd.ko 
mount -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb
echo "Loading scsi_mod.ko module"
insmod /lib/scsi_mod.ko 
echo "Loading sd_mod.ko module"
insmod /lib/sd_mod.ko 
echo "Loading libata.ko module"
insmod /lib/libata.ko 
echo "Loading ata_piix.ko module"
insmod /lib/ata_piix.ko 
echo "Loading ahci.ko module"
insmod /lib/ahci.ko 
echo "Loading dm-mem-cache.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-mem-cache.ko 
echo "Loading dm-mod.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-mod.ko 
echo "Loading dm-log.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-log.ko 
echo "Loading dm-region_hash.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-region_hash.ko 
echo "Loading dm-message.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-message.ko 
echo "Loading dm-raid45.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-raid45.ko 
echo "Loading xenblk.ko module"
insmod /lib/xenblk.ko 
echo "Loading xennet.ko module"
insmod /lib/xennet.ko 
echo Waiting for driver initialization.
stabilized --hash --interval 1000 /proc/scsi/scsi
mkblkdevs
echo Scanning and configuring dmraid supported devices
echo Creating root device.
mkrootdev -t  -o defaults,ro 
echo Mounting root filesystem.
mount /sysroot
echo Setting up other filesystems.
setuproot
echo Switching to new root and running init.
switchroot

任何帮助是极大的赞赏

古斯塔沃

解决方法

在这两点之间是你的线索

mkrootdev: expected fs options
...
switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory
Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

引导加载程序已将内核加载到内存中并解压缩initrd. init进程已经启动并尝试安装永久存储(即：根文件系统),此时卸载initramfs并从永久存储继续引导.

你的initrd无法挂载根文件系统,所以init死了,因此你的内核恐慌.

我会尝试将/和/ boot分离到单独的分区中,并使用ext3.我对Amazon或VirtualBox了解不多,但我知道Red Hat不会支持EL5上的ext4根文件系统,因此它不是预期的或经过测试的用例.