如何解决当另一个类调用Singleton.instance.show时,具有CardLayout的Singleton不会显示卡片
它将建议一个参考问题。public static MainWindow instance = new
MainWindow();
看起来很可疑,因为您必须先创建一个MainWindow
first
实例才能进行初始化,这建议您现在有两个实例MainWindow
,一个在屏幕上,另一个不在屏幕上。
static
以这种方式使用不是一个好主意,因为它会导致类似这样的问题。相反,您应该将控制器的引用传递给页面。控制器将定义每个页面可以执行的操作(如果操作正确,则将其定义为interface
)
另外,您可以将导航与页面分开,形成单独的机制,这意味着页面不在乎,可以简单地以您想要的任何顺序显示或在其他地方重复使用
本示例定义了一个简单的控制器,页面可以调用该控制器来实现页面导航
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
public class CardLayoutExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new CardLayoutExample();
}
public CardLayoutExample() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
}
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(new Wizard());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public interface NavigationController {
public void nextPage();
public void previousPage();
public void lastPage();
public void firstPage();
}
public interface Page {
public NavigationController getNavigationController();
public JComponent getView();
public String getName();
}
public class Wizard extends JPanel implements NavigationController {
private List<Page> pages;
private Page currentPage;
private CardLayout cardLayout;
public Wizard() {
cardLayout = new CardLayout();
pages = new ArrayList<>(25);
setLayout(cardLayout);
pages.add(new FirstPage("Page01", this));
pages.add(new SecondPage("Page02", this));
pages.add(new ThirdPage("Page03", this));
for (Page page : pages) {
add(page.getView(), page.getName());
}
firstPage();
}
@Override
public void nextPage() {
int index = pages.indexOf(currentPage);
index++;
if (index < pages.size()) {
cardLayout.next(this);
currentPage = pages.get(index);
}
}
@Override
public void previousPage() {
int index = pages.indexOf(currentPage);
index--;
if (index >= 0) {
cardLayout.previous(this);
currentPage = pages.get(index);
}
}
@Override
public void lastPage() {
Page page = pages.get(pages.size() - 1);
showPage(page);
}
@Override
public void firstPage() {
Page page = pages.get(0);
showPage(page);
}
protected void showPage(Page page) {
cardLayout.show(this, page.getName());
currentPage = page;
}
}
public abstract class AbstractPage extends JPanel implements Page, ActionListener {
private NavigationController navigationController;
private JPanel buttons;
private String name;
public AbstractPage(String name, NavigationController navigationController) {
this.name = name;
this.navigationController = navigationController;
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
buttons = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
add(buttons, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
}
protected void insertButton(JButton button) {
button.addActionListener(this);
buttons.add(button);
}
@Override
public NavigationController getNavigationController() {
return navigationController;
}
@Override
public JComponent getView() {
return this;
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return super.getName();
}
}
public class FirstPage extends AbstractPage implements Page {
private JButton next = new JButton("Next >");
public FirstPage(String name, NavigationController controller) {
super(name, controller);
JLabel label = new JLabel("First page");
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
add(label);
insertButton(next);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == next) {
getNavigationController().nextPage();
}
}
}
public class SecondPage extends AbstractPage implements Page {
private JButton next = new JButton("Next >");
private JButton previous = new JButton("< Previous");
public SecondPage(String name, NavigationController controller) {
super(name, controller);
JLabel label = new JLabel("Second page");
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
add(label);
insertButton(previous);
insertButton(next);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == next) {
getNavigationController().nextPage();
} else if (e.getSource() == previous) {
getNavigationController().previousPage();
}
}
}
public class ThirdPage extends AbstractPage implements Page {
private JButton previous = new JButton("< Previous");
public ThirdPage(String name, NavigationController controller) {
super(name, controller);
JLabel label = new JLabel("Third page");
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
add(label);
insertButton(previous);
}
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == previous) {
getNavigationController().previousPage();
}
}
}
}
此示例将控制器与页面分开,以便按钮不属于页面本身。这样可以释放页面/视图,使其成为您需要的任何内容
import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.CardLayout;
import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
public class CardLayoutExample2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new CardLayoutExample2();
}
public CardLayoutExample2() {
EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
}
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
frame.add(new WizardPane());
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
}
public class WizardPane extends JPanel {
private List<String> pages;
private String currentPage;
private JButton first;
private JButton previous;
private JButton next;
private JButton last;
private CardLayout cardLayout;
private JPanel contentPane;
public WizardPane() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
cardLayout = new CardLayout();
pages = new ArrayList<>(3);
contentPane = new JPanel(cardLayout);
contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(4, 4, 4, 4));
pages.add("Page01");
pages.add("Page02");
pages.add("Page03");
contentPane.add(new FirstPage(), "Page01");
contentPane.add(new SecondPage(), "Page02");
contentPane.add(new ThirdPage(), "Page03");
JPanel actionsPane = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
actionsPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(4, 4, 4, 4));
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 0;
actionsPane.add((first = new JButton("<< First")), gbc);
gbc.gridx++;
gbc.weightx = 1;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
actionsPane.add((previous = new JButton("< Previous")), gbc);
gbc.gridx++;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
actionsPane.add((next = new JButton("Next >")), gbc);
gbc.gridx++;
gbc.weightx = 0;
actionsPane.add((last = new JButton("Last >>")), gbc);
add(contentPane);
add(actionsPane, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
NavigationHandler handler = new NavigationHandler();
first.addActionListener(handler);
previous.addActionListener(handler);
next.addActionListener(handler);
last.addActionListener(handler);
gotoFirstPage();
}
protected void gotoFirstPage() {
currentPage = pages.get(0);
cardLayout.show(contentPane, currentPage);
}
protected void gotoPreviousPage() {
int index = pages.indexOf(currentPage);
index--;
if (index >= 0) {
currentPage = pages.get(index);
cardLayout.show(contentPane, currentPage);
}
}
protected void gotoNextPage() {
int index = pages.indexOf(currentPage);
index++;
if (index < pages.size()) {
currentPage = pages.get(index);
cardLayout.show(contentPane, currentPage);
}
}
protected void gotoLastPage() {
currentPage = pages.get(pages.size() - 1);
cardLayout.show(contentPane, currentPage);
}
protected class NavigationHandler implements ActionListener {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == first) {
gotoFirstPage();
} else if (e.getSource() == previous) {
gotoPreviousPage();
} else if (e.getSource() == next) {
gotoNextPage();
} else if (e.getSource() == last) {
gotoLastPage();
}
}
}
}
public class FirstPage extends JPanel {
public FirstPage() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel label = new JLabel("Page One");
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
add(label);
}
}
public class SecondPage extends JPanel {
public SecondPage() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel label = new JLabel("Page Two");
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
add(label);
}
}
public class ThirdPage extends JPanel {
public ThirdPage() {
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
JLabel label = new JLabel("Page Three");
label.setHorizontalAlignment(JLabel.CENTER);
add(label);
}
}
}
或者,您可以使用基于模型的方法(可能更可取),该方法定义了组件的显示顺序。例如
解决方法
public class MainWindow extends JPanel {
public static MainWindow instance = new MainWindow();
private CardLayout cards = new CardLayout();
public MainWindow() {
setLayout(cards);
add(new FirstPage(),Pages.FIRST.toString());
add(new SecondPage(),Pages.SECOND.toString());
add(new ThirdPage(),Pages.THIRD.toString());
}
public void showPage(Pages page) {
cards.show(this,page.toString());
}
}
showPage(page);
如果我在的构造函数中调用该方法,则该方法可以正常工作MainWindow
。但是,当我尝试MainWindow.instance.showPage(Pages.SECOND);
从ActionListener
调用时,FirstPage
什么也没有发生。我检查了该showPage(page)
方法是否正常工作。我检查了是否触发了ActionEvent并输入正确的if
/ else子句。我做错了什么,为什么我的第二页没有显示?
public class FirstPage extends JPanel {
private JButton showSecond = new JButton("Show Second");
private JButton showThird = new JButton("Show Third");
public FirstPage() {
insertButton(showSecond);
insertButton(showThird);
}
private void insertButton(JButton button) {
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == showSecond) {
MainWindow.instance.showPage(Pages.SECOND);
} else {
MainWindow.instance.showPage(Pages.THIRD);
}
}
});
this.add(button);
}
}
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