自动网站登录：真实性令牌的索引超出范围

如何解决自动网站登录：真实性令牌的索引超出范围

我需要自动完成登录网站并单击一些按钮以更新网站上托管的显示的过程。此时，我只是试图自动执行登录步骤，但认为我没有正确识别真实性令牌。

这是我引用的页面来源：

///Authenticity token///

<input type="hidden" id="oauth_state" name="oauth_state" value="8lTg7dhoLIOuC89lBD8Zq34FFP5jaSUEVD8JvXnf6iZdI_mInkso50ZqFTmGxtBbmeIzxBGI2Bf0jpa4zQiNNvxGponvAJFeN4iLNNxE9NtC8afFSzojpzHWZV_Q_VIMFTcauQlg2BNIFa72mQ2asEbNRs_7rydFKD4gaBDSJkeNz1IRY7vBrHpE7KSoiP6Z485XtnjXuHXz_ZEHeJJPNHF3MteZxD2m1Do6JJ__kShUiSzyFiq0Xj6O49rLm-LfB_pLH9399RyNfapdpC0S__j93w9u-YrLKDcWZyANOEk_3PgeQWaLDJur7baZyX6Q4ZvnI8M2OStka52zwSmtqQGR0PAP9q_N3Pd0I8asOfcDDDtAsr7xrslJLEofmAuQVW8V05IXog2-luaNa2RT5qrsELfgFyVQMC1PDMPpbXsPQe0VejZTdt8jzBp-bM3lxzGARwE2_OoLIRa6AAA74HvwBMkBz65Mg_LtAMZyQfAwFSWoeQqHjB6fRrxML0AN">

<input type="hidden" id="authorize" name="authorize" value="true">

///username///
<input type="text" name="username" id="user_username" placeholder="Username" aria-label="Username" class="padding-left-2" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false" required="">

///password///
<input required="" type="password" name="password" id="user_password" placeholder="Password" aria-label="Password" class="padding-left-2">

这是我正在使用的脚本：

import requests
from lxml import html


USERNAME = "myusername"
PASSWORD = "mypassword"

LOGIN_URL = "https://acgov.maps.arcgis.com/sharing/rest/oauth2/authorize?client_id=arcgisonline&display=default&response_type=token&state=%7B%22returnUrl%22%3A%22http%3A%2F%2Facgov.maps.arcgis.com%2Fhome%2Fwebmap%2Fviewer.html%3Fwebmap%3Df70ec87fb16f4b8185269c761d20e9c8%22%2C%22useLandingPage%22%3Afalse%7D&expiration=20160&locale=en-us&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Facgov.maps.arcgis.com%2Fhome%2Faccountswitcher-callback.html&force_login=false&hideCancel=true&showSignupOption=true&canHandleCrossOrgSignIn=true&signuptype=esri&redirectToUserOrgUrl=true"

URL = "http://acgov.maps.arcgis.com/home/webmap/viewer.html?webmap=f70ec87fb16f4b8185269c761d20e9c8"

# open chrome
br = webdriver.Chrome()

def main():
    session_requests = requests.session()

    # Get login csrf token
    result = session_requests.get(LOGIN_URL)
    tree = html.fromstring(result.text)
    authenticity_token = list(set(tree.xpath("//input[@name='oauth_state']/@value")))[0]

    # Create payload
    payload = {
        "username": USERNAME,"password": PASSWORD,"oauth_state": authenticity_token
    }

    # Perform login
    result = session_requests.post(LOGIN_URL,data = payload,headers = dict(referer = LOGIN_URL))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

这是我在运行脚本时遇到的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>",line 36,in <module>
  File "<string>",line 23,in main
IndexError: list index out of range

我的文本编辑器上的第36行是调用“ main”的位置，而第23行是我们拥有的位置：authenticity_token = list(set(tree.xpath("//input[@name='oauth_state']/@value")))[0]

oauth_state不是正确的值吗？