从文本文件填充字典？

如何解决从文本文件填充字典？

所以我有一个文本文件，看起来像这样：

Monstera Deliciosa
2018-11-03 18:21:26
Tropical/sub-Tropical plant
Leathery leaves,mid to dark green
Moist and well-draining soil
Semi-shade/full shade light requirements
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry
Intolerant to root rot
Propagate by cuttings in water

Strelitzia Nicolai (White Birds of Paradise)
2018-11-05 10:12:15
Semi-shade,full sun
Dark green leathery leaves
Like lots of water,but soil cannot be water-logged
Like to be root bound in pot

Alocasia Macrorrhizos
2019-01-03 15:29:10
Tropical asia
Moist and well-draining soil
Leaves and stem toxic upon ingestion
Semi-shade,full sun
Like lots of water,less susceptible to root rot
Susceptible to spider mites

我想用这个文件创建一个字典，用植物的名字作为字典的关键字，其余的信息作为值放在列表中。到目前为止，我已经设法将每种植物及其各自的信息作为列表中的一个项目获取，但是我不确定如何将其转换为字典。

    with open('myplants.txt','r') as f:
        contents = f.read()
        contents = contents.rstrip().split('\n\n')
        contents = [x.replace('\n',',') for x in contents]
    print(contents)#[0].split(',0)[0])

预期输出：

plants = {'Monstera Deliciosa':['2018-11-03 18:21:26','Tropical/sub-Tropical plant','Leathery leaves,mid to dark green','Moist and well-draining soil','Semi-shade/full shade light requirements','Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry','Intolerant to root rot','Propagate by cuttings in water'],'Strelitzia Nicolai (White Birds of Paradise)': ... }

我对字典的外观持更好的态度。

解决方法

这是一种可扩展的解决方案，可以避免读取内存中的整个文件。

它利用了一个事实，即文本文件可以用作产生每一行的迭代器

import itertools as it

plants = {}
with open('myplants.txt') as f:
    while True:
        try:
            p = next(f).rstrip()
            plants[p] = list(l.rstrip() for l in it.takewhile(lambda line: line != '\n',f))
        except StopIteration:
            break

print(plants)

产生

{
 'Monstera Deliciosa': ['2018-11-03 18:21:26','Tropical/sub-Tropical plant','Leathery leaves,mid to dark green','Moist and well-draining soil','Semi-shade/full shade light requirements','Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry','Intolerant to root rot','Propagate by cuttings in water'],'Strelitzia Nicolai (White Birds of Paradise)': ['2018-11-05 10:12:15','Semi-shade,full sun','Dark green leathery leaves','Like lots of water,but soil cannot be water-logged','Like to be root bound in pot'],'Alocasia Macrorrhizos': ['2019-01-03 15:29:10','Tropical asia','Leaves and stem toxic upon ingestion',less susceptible to root rot','Susceptible to spider mites']
}

,

使用字典理解：

text = """Monstera Deliciosa
2018-11-03 18:21:26
Tropical/sub-Tropical plant
Leathery leaves,mid to dark green
Moist and well-draining soil
Semi-shade/full shade light requirements
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry
Intolerant to root rot
Propagate by cuttings in water

Strelitzia Nicolai (White Birds of Paradise)
2018-11-05 10:12:15
Semi-shade,full sun
Dark green leathery leaves
Like lots of water,but soil cannot be water-logged
Like to be root bound in pot

Alocasia Macrorrhizos
2019-01-03 15:29:10
Tropical asia
Moist and well-draining soil
Leaves and stem toxic upon ingestion
Semi-shade,full sun
Like lots of water,less susceptible to root rot
Susceptible to spider mites
"""

contents = text.rstrip().split('\n\n')
contents = [x.replace('\n',',') for x in contents]

plants = {c.split(',')[0]: c.split(',')[1:]
          for c in contents}

print(plants)

返回：

{'Monstera Deliciosa': [' 2018-11-03 18:21:26',' Tropical/sub-Tropical plant',' Leathery leaves',' mid to dark green',' Moist and well-draining soil',' Semi-shade/full shade light requirements',' Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry',' Intolerant to root rot',' Propagate by cuttings in water'],'Strelitzia Nicolai (White Birds of Paradise)': [' 2018-11-05 10:12:15',' Semi-shade',' full sun',' Dark green leathery leaves',' Like lots of water','but soil cannot be water-logged',' Like to be root bound in pot'],'Alocasia Macrorrhizos': [' 2019-01-03 15:29:10',' Tropical asia',' Leaves and stem toxic upon ingestion',' less susceptible to root rot',' Susceptible to spider mites']}

,

这样的事情会起作用吗？

plants = {}
with open('myplants.txt','r') as f:
    contents = f.read()
    contents = contents.rstrip().split('\n\n')
    for content in contents:
      parts = content.split('\n') # Convert the lines to a list of strings
      plants[ parts[0] ] = parts[1:] # first line becomes key,the rest become the values
print(plants)

,

这是一种使用状态解析数据的方法：

def parse(lines):
    items = []
    state = "name"

    for line in lines:
        line = line.rstrip("\n")

        if line == "":
            state = "name"
            continue

        if state == "name":
            item = {"name": line,"date": None,"data": []}
            items.append(item)
            state = "date"
            continue

        if state == "date":
            item["date"] = line
            state = "data"
            continue

        if state == "data":
            item["data"].append(line)
            continue

    return items

这将导致：

[{'name': 'Monstera Deliciosa','date': '2018-11-03 18:21:26','data': ['Tropical/sub-Tropical plant','Propagate by cuttings in water']},{'name': 'Strelitzia Nicolai (White Birds of Paradise)','date': '2018-11-05 10:12:15','data': ['Semi-shade,'Like to be root bound in pot']},{'name': 'Alocasia Macrorrhizos','date': '2019-01-03 15:29:10','data': ['Tropical asia','Susceptible to spider mites']}]

我认为这种替代表示要好一些。