PDF签名被Acrobat忽略，但在其他验证工具中可见

分类：编程问答

如何解决PDF签名被Acrobat忽略，但在其他验证工具中可见

我们正在制作一个Webapp，其功能之一就是进行PaDES签名。该代码太大，无法在此处共享，但是工作流程如下：

  • PDF已准备好通过在浏览器中进行所有必要的转换来进行签名
  • 摘要是使用所选算法计算的
  • 摘要已发送到后端，使用DSS库进行了分离的CaDES签名
  • 在后端生成的分离签名被发送回浏览器，以插入到准备好的PDF中以制作PaDES签名

对于大多数PDF文件，该解决方案都运作良好。但是，在某些文件中，Acrobat不会像不存在签名一样显示签名，但是当尝试使用我们的Web应用程序（在后端使用DSS进行验证）进行验证时，一切都可以正常显示。使用DSS online verification tool进行检查时，它也可以正常显示。

以下是签名的PDF中最相关的部分：

    1 0 obj
        <</AcroForm<</Fields[1057 0 R] /SigFlags 3>>/Type /Catalog /Pages 3 0 R
        /Dests 8 0 R
        /Metadata 1056 0 R
        >>
        .
        .
        .
        1057 0 obj
        <<
        /FT /Sig
        /Type /Annot
        /Subtype /Widget
        /F 132
        /T (Signature1057)
        /V 1059 0 R
        /P 3 0 R
        /Rect [335.17360432942706 796.500010172526 535.173604329427 746.500010172526]
        /AP <<
        /N 1060 0 R
        >>
        >>
        endobj
    .
    .
    .
        
        1059 0 obj
        <<
        /Type/Sig
        /Filter/Adobe.PPKLite
        /SubFilter/ETSI.CAdES.detached
        /Name (Name)
        /ContactInfo ()
        /Location (Location)
        /Reason ()
        /M (D:20200813165733+02'00')
        /Contents <3082104b06092a864886f70d010702a082103c30821038020101310f300d06096086480165030402010500300b06092a864886f70d010701a0820d57308206e2308204caa003020102020944e5524cc00bede260300d06092a864886f70d01010b0500304a310b30090603550406130252533110300e06035504070c0742656f67726164310f300d060355040a0c064e65745365543118301606035504030c0f436c6f7564204341204e6574536554301e170d3139313231383133343231395a170d3232313231383133343231395a30819d310b3009060355040613025253310f300d06035504080c065365726269613111300f06035504070c0842656c6772616465310e300c06035504110c053131303730311a301806035504090c1150617269736b65206b6f6d756e652032343112301006035504040c095261646f7365766963310f300d060355042a0c064e696b6f6c613119301706035504030c104e696b6f6c61205261646f736576696330820122300d06092a864886f70d01010105000382010f003082010a0282010100cf2e36a81919b993cb52b88235a258b2b008a770862a42c1724e9652826a6394bf2426ca450946bb3726306162474e75003d532182b3fe492e099503a11e10429624611998ac2ff0942f729d3d275228bdcee172ffab42fb10509aa796cad95fd79a82fc8ee29f74c4ca0d76aa64f6f16d5b6f5c281eea870ea7054633a5b5b6eb06b7abbb60752f6cf5c17c3967e1d4b1a401d54d7579c256c04b9f7c293a7d9c8c566e4ad92c32574de1da9afcddb282506e2cf77de31c543f5291e439480705d246142d41e7566e92f1cf4115c286e88a7a3a564a9395cf64a2570fc691c74393907695d7c76a6317123a5342b0ea39239ba0e93a2c862e2eafe87a3064ad0203010001a38202753082027130090603551d1304023000300e0603551d0f0101ff0404030206c0301f0603551d2304183016801403e93e995d06eef7519b67deff9cea818009e456301d0603551d0e04160414e930d3083630ac3da05cefaf64efceb6256ddf5430400603551d1f043930373035a033a031862f687474703a2f2f7374617266697368746573742e6e6574736574676c6f62616c2e72732f636c6f756463612e63726c30819d06082b060105050701030101ff04818d30818a303a06082b06010505070b02302e060704008bec49010130238621687474703a2f2f63612e6e65747365742e72732f646f6b756d656e746163696a613008060604008e4601013008060604008e4601043016060604008e460102300c1303657572020100020203e8300b060604008e4601030201143013060604008e4601063009060704008e4601060130819806082b0601050507010104818b308188303b06082b06010505073002862f687474703a2f2f7374617266697368746573742e6e6574736574676c6f62616c2e72732f636c6f756463612e637274304906082b06010505073001863d687474703a2f2f706b7363612e6e6574736574676c6f62616c2e72733a383038302f6f6373702f726573706f6e6465722f706b73636c6f75646f6373703081960603551d2004818e30818b3027060604008b300101301d301b06082b06010505070201160f687474703a2f2f657473692e636f6d3027060604008b300102301d301b06082b06010505070201160f687474703a2f2f657473692e636f6d300b060704008bec4001023000302a06092a817a01690a040103301d301b06082b06010505070201160f687474703a2f2f6e656b692e636f6d300d06092a864886f70d01010b05000382020100269f2baeed5bc772c3606da57ebba2b4ef6a715d82c2018d5973edd74cc08bf9f266363f1ef3289e34060bce9b52463210cc36d5c8d87c7742b3c04b5227792391db8f686d19866f457c7e47a722d279619b35d7bf569cc2cf599fd13c81f938ce8b08f2d1eb2613e7259b8f59c0e34b5403246e94ef891b4293762677ccd9516f5e2ca36f4b7827f671b2463785bf8804454f2fc2a7de84114cf602d241040aad943d991198a3858a65acf1b468a9b006dc859ffaa46510d16253e72385d57535802288c9ddeb8114ebecdbc4e267d17e188c9cf4d7180b79a4b8bab89d03d6a5011e601f12fc2c132f33e8b872092a4dff6182e0b45536a23dfb2b7eeeffb34540e306c4d1e6e4d595086f76ecf5e2e1ab713a87a5785aea9eea518d391b8982893f2bae03a14ed13cbff25494713c1b79e6dbcdc50059f9df92b4000c597c499b0e654e7defb348ddcf35cb3f51ebb4d934b0395dcd7952a2ac1c1ab5dcc8271b21f54276c0da3a91a54dcf68d9b30c274e968c467d5b3f188535987ed8898444bc8779b405889c54960681863986ebccd4266ae3de4cebc0bf15f7d91bfb41708df87a95a6da46fb951b7b9aaffee53b38e75f582f9b851ea61685f1e60014264fc8bfcb31697653fa68c997cacb033fd4cafdffdfd9fb6d6a52027cc6680c1418d7902ddb11245cc006df2332234740d7d4579f56733308d97d9208e1803082066d30820455a003020102020917664a8436102867b6300d06092a864886f70d01010b05003049310b30090603550406130252533110300e06035504070c0742656f67726164310f300d060355040a0c064e65745365543117301506035504030c0e526f6f74204341204e6574536554301e170d3139313231373038343234355a170d3434313231363137333034355a304a310b30090603550406130252533110300e06035504070c0742656f67726164310f300d060355040a0c064e65745365543118301606035504030c0f436c6f7564204341204e657453655430820222300d06092a864886f70d01010105000382020f003082020a0282020100b47b0b9d976f18457719af6a147880e006ec1cd472bacc31a58327eb2aa7e162e0e113128b0a0bed1950a8ae0bff962f132928bd434a7e0c887c17e610f243ebda0419fa4b2fba4bda643796cf7d97a7e8e0b0828b383c850e95d87210dee367f64520ffbc093720658a899f9f988eb7a08d8bca0615e1b6e4fa058d0c1f00b7b2c09b05099aa193aec4e989bae4d59bfc9d044e281927fbb88e9d23cf9676c75b27890cf04de07a38b0d129fa1de1fd10cc360757738adc9bd9677bfea812aa8611729cf3a114cd6233ed9c4c705a10e5c6f03f7117bfeb04988c3d96a193e18506ddc44819db7d083bc0cdad8335bae0a7a44b2a56c404bb43c87673e9ab9ec321f341cbad17176ad77db663a20b676cc338c6b36e58aa13f1e61ad596ed176d9d2b0bdd36c3cabab22410607d62f97c8349877efabdaf16dce49ef4a67c7780b1bb30b9250bdb5fbdad84d56d43be3484ca6e5bdec3666a230ab5fec46b056beedc8b2e43bb6106f682d5026d3393d73f652f2a83db15d3ad4a5be9b7df0d04d8a0bcbbabc2f791c72ece6d3911936a9c3ea99d4b7f6f101d15ab45032f693fbef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        /ByteRange [0000000000 0000220234 0000236618 0000022770]>>
            endobj
        .
        .
        .
        trailer <<
          /Size 1064
          /Root 1 0 R
          /Info 2 0 R
          /ID [<a48978cd2c166094b3e771ab606ea301><531ccc430c71ee517274ec4d5f6e2c34>]
        >>

一切似乎都很好，但是由于某些原因，Acrobat忽略了签名。如果您想看一下，这里是整个文件：https://easyupload.io/2lrfg8

解决方法

签名的PDF中存在多个错误。

  • 正如@David在回答中提到的那样，第一页中有两个 Annots 条目。

  • 正如我在评论中所写，签名（字段和）小部件对象的 P 条目指向页面树的 Pages 内部节点，而不是 Page 叶节点。

  • FRM 表单XObject的内容流中存在错误：

    q
  1 0 0 1 0 0 cm
  /n2 Do
  Q\n

    （“ \ n”确实是反斜杠和'n'，而不是换行符。）

  • 在词典中有一个包含流内容的损坏的对象1062 

    1062 0 obj
<<
/Length q 1 0 0 1 0 0 cm /img1 Do Q

  • 至少对于与签名相关的对象，交叉引用偏移量是错误的。

如果通过以下方式解决了这些问题

  • 将两个 Annots 条目合并为一个，
  • 更改 P 条目以指向正确的 Page 字典，
  • 删除该“ \ n”序列，
  • 用实际的流长度替换字典中的流内容，并且
  • 更正与签名相关的交叉引用条目，

Adob​​e Reader显示签名；显然，在所有这些修复更改了文件之后，该文件无效：

screen shot

因此

一切似乎都很好，但是由于某些原因，Acrobat忽略了签名。

如上所述，文件中有很多错误，所以不能怪Adobe Acrobat没有显示您的签名。因此，实际上是相反的情况，任何忽略很多错误然后仍然在没有任何警告的情况下验证签名的签名验证软件都是错误的。此类错误可能导致文件在不同查看器上的显示方式有所不同，因此签名的可信度受到限制。实际上，它可以用作PDF签名验证的另一种攻击媒介。

（请注意，上述错误可能不是唯一的错误，只是我在分析当前问题时偶然发现的那些错误。）

,

PDF肯定有问题。看哪一个页面词典：

4 0 obj <<
/Type /Page
/MediaBox [0 0 595 842]
/Rotate 0
/Parent 3 0 R
/Resources <<
    /ProcSet[/PDF /Text]
    /ExtGState 14 0 R
    /Font 15 0 R
>>
/Annots [ 
    10 0 R
    11 0 R
    12 0 R
    13 0 R
]
/Annots [
    1057 0 R
]
/Contents 5 0 R
>>
endobj

我为可读性添加了一些结构，但本质是您在此字典中有2个称为“ Annots”的键。对于PDF文件，这是一个严重的禁忌：“同一词典中的多个条目不应具有相同的键”。

我不确定您如何添加此签名，但是显然它没有正确发生。我可以尝试在这里变得千篇一律，并猜想可以工作的PDF文件在添加签名的页面的PDF中没有任何注释。

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错误1：private field ‘xxx‘ is never assigned 按Altʾnter快捷键，选择第2项 参考：https://blog.csdn.net/shi_hong_fei_hei/article/details/88814070 错误2：启动时报错，不能找到主启动类 #
pip安装依赖失败
报错如下，通过源不能下载，最后警告pip需升级版本 Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\ychen\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (22.0.4) Coll
maven常见错误
错误1：maven打包报错 错误还原：使用maven打包项目时报错如下 [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:resources (default-resources)
cloud项目中常见错误
错误1：服务调用时报错 服务消费者模块assess通过openFeign调用服务提供者模块hires 如下为服务提供者模块hires的控制层接口 @RestController @RequestMapping(&quot;/hires&quot;) public class FeignControl
springboot常见错误
错误1：运行项目后报如下错误 解决方案 报错2：Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) on project sb 解决方案：在pom.
springmvc拦截器中使用redisTemplate报空指针异常
参考 错误原因 过滤器或拦截器在生效时，redisTemplate还没有注入 解决方案：在注入容器时就生效 @Component //项目运行时就注入Spring容器 public class RedisBean { @Resource private RedisTemplate&lt;String
vite报错：npm ERR! command C:WINDOWSsystem32cmd.exe /d /s /c C:UsersychenAppDataLocalTempnpx-dde1c848.cmd
使用vite构建项目报错 C:\Users\ychen\work&gt;npm init @vitejs/app @vitejs/create-app is deprecated, use npm init vite instead C:\Users\ychen\AppData\Local\npm-
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