如何解决Python-如何使文本块的前三行变成字典值?
我正在上一个Python入门班,正在研究一个文本文件。
其内容的示例如下所示:
Special Type A Sunflower
2017-10-19 18:20:30
Asteraceae
Brought to the USA by Europeans
Ingredient for Sunflower Oil
Needs full sun
Moist Soil,with heavy mulch
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry
Tropical Sealion
2020-04-25 12:10:05
Pinnipeds
Mostly found in zoos
Likes Fish
Likes Balls
Likes Zookeepers
Honey Badger
2018-06-06 16:15:25
Mustelidae
Eats anything
目前,我正尝试通过仅3个键将这些行转换为字典的值。
第一个键是“名称”,对应的值将是每个文本块的第一行。
第二个键是“日期”,对应的值将是每个文本块的第二行。
第三个键是“ Information”,对应的值将是每三行,并且超出每个文本块,并在文本块之间的空间处停止。我认为这也应该是值列表。
我的进度在这里:
import itertools
import os
MyFilePath = os.getcwd() # absolute directory the file is in
ActualFile = "myplants.txt"
FinalFilePath = os.path.join(MyFilePath,ActualFile)
def TextFileToDictionary():
dictionary_1 = {}
textfile = open(FinalFilePath,'r')
first_line = textfile.readline()
second_line = textfile.readline()
third_line = textfile.readline()
for line in textfile:
dictionary_1["name"] = first_line
dictionary_1["date"] = second_line
dictionary_1["information"] = third_line
print(dictionary_1)
textfile.close()
TextFileToDictionary()
尽管我已将行解析为字典中的值,
我无法在每个文本块上进行迭代以确保所有文本块都成为字典值。
我也无法将每三行或更多行转换为值列表。
请注意,文本块的长度不均匀。
因此最终结果应类似于:
dictionary_1 = {'Name' : "Special Type A Sunflower",'Date' : "2017-10-19 18:20:30",'Information' : ["Asteraceae,Brought to the USA by Europeans,Ingredient for Sunflower Oil,Needs full sun,Moist Soil,with heavy mulch,Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry"]}
dictionary_2 = {'Name' : "Tropical Sealion","Date" : "2020-04-25 12:10:05","Information" : ["Pinnipeds,Mostly found in zoos,Likes Fish,Likes Balls,Likes Zookeepers"]}
以此类推。
有人知道如何更改代码以达到所需的最终结果吗?
非常感谢!
解决方法
我对TextFileToDictionary()
函数的解决方案如下:
data = [] #Blank list
with open(FinalFilePath,"r") as file: #Open file
sections = file.read().split("\n\n") #Split it by double linebreaks
for section in sections: #Iterate through sections
lines = section.split("\n") #Split sections by linebreaks
if len(lines) < 3: #Make sure that there is the correct amount of lines
return "ERROR!"
data.append({ #Add a dictionary to the data with:
"Name": lines[0],#First line: name
"Date": lines[1],#Second line: date
"Information": lines[2:] #Third line and onwards: info
})
return data #Returns a list of dictionaries containing the data about each species
如果您在示例文件上运行了该函数,则它应该返回以下内容:
[
{
"Name": "Special Type A Sunflower","Date": "2017-10-19 18:20:30","Information": ["Asteraceae","Brought to the USA by Europeans" etc... ]
},{
"Name": "Tropical Sealion","Date": "2020-04-25 12:10:05","Information": ["Pinnipeds","Mostly found in zoos" etc... ]
} #and so on.
]
,
简单版本:
def dicter(file):
with open(file,'r') as f:
dics = []
blocks = [x. split('\n') for x in f.read().split('\n\n')]
for block in blocks:
dics.append(dict(Name=block[0],Date=block[1],Information=block[2:]))
return dics
print(dicter('your/path/to/file'))
,
我会使用regex
,split
和destructuring assignment
。
我建议您通过with
语句读取文件,这样就不必显式关闭文件。
with open('myplants.txt') as file:
text = file.read()
假定您已经阅读了文件,并且text
是内容。
import re
text = """
Special Type A Sunflower
2017-10-19 18:20:30
Asteraceae
Brought to the USA by Europeans
Ingredient for Sunflower Oil
Needs full sun
Moist Soil,with heavy mulch
Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry
Tropical Sealion
2020-04-25 12:10:05
Pinnipeds
Mostly found in zoos
Likes Fish
Likes Balls
Likes Zookeepers
Honey Badger
2018-06-06 16:15:25
Mustelidae
Eats anything
"""
regex = re.compile('(?:[^\n]+\n)+',re.MULTILINE)
def parse(section):
name,date_value,*information = section.strip().split('\n')
return {
'Name': name,'Date': date_value,'Information': information
}
sections = [section for section in regex.findall(text)]
parsed_sections = [parse(section) for section in sections]
for parsed in parsed_sections:
print(parsed)
print()
输出
{'Name': 'Special Type A Sunflower ','Date': '2017-10-19 18:20:30','Information': ['Asteraceae','Brought to the USA by Europeans','Ingredient for Sunflower Oil','Needs full sun','Moist Soil,with heavy mulch','Water only when top 2 inches of soil is dry']}
{'Name': 'Tropical Sealion','Date': '2020-04-25 12:10:05','Information': ['Pinnipeds ','Mostly found in zoos','Likes Fish','Likes Balls','Likes Zookeepers']}
{'Name': 'Honey Badger','Date': '2018-06-06 16:15:25','Information': ['Mustelidae','Eats anything']}
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