Kivy ScreenManager不再引用.py文件类中的类属性错误：“超级”具有

如何解决Kivy ScreenManager不再引用.py文件类中的类属性错误：“超级”具有

我刚刚开始使用kivy在python中开发我的第一个应用程序。除了主py之外，我还生成了应用程序的总体布局以及python文件中的一些逻辑，以将所有内容分开。一切正常，该应用程序运行无任何问题。我想在点击提供额外信息的按钮时添加一些屏幕。设法做到了，但是现在在添加额外的屏幕之前，当点击有效的按钮时，应用程序崩溃了。这些按钮使用的类不是在main.py中实现的，而是在辅助文件中实现的。如我所解释的，它们在添加ScreenManager之前起作用。这是我得到的错误的简短版本：AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute '__getattr__'

Main.py： peenomat.py

import kivy
# -*- coding: iso-8859-1 -*-
from kivy.app import App

from kivy.uix.button import Label
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.uix.textinput import TextInput
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.uix.anchorlayout import AnchorLayout
from kivy.core.text import LabelBase
from kivy.uix.screenmanager import ScreenManager,Screen
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.properties import BooleanProperty
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty
from kivy.config import Config


Builder.load_file('Header.kv')
Builder.load_file('Statusbar.kv')
Builder.load_file('Inputparameters.kv')
Builder.load_file('Outputparameters.kv')
Builder.load_file('Extra.kv')
#loading main kv
Builder.load_file('peenomat.kv')


class Peenomat(Screen):
    pass


class Instruction(Screen):
    pass

class Additional(Screen):
    pass

# Create the screen manager
sm = ScreenManager()
sm.add_widget(Peenomat(name='peenomat'))
sm.add_widget(Instruction(name='instruction'))
sm.add_widget(Additional(name='additional'))


class PeenomatApp(App):
    def build(self):
        self.icon = 'icon.png'
        #return pm
        return sm
        #return Peenomat()

if __name__=="__main__":

    PeenomatApp().run()

主要kv.file： peenomat.kv

<Peenomat>

    AnchorLayout:
        anchor_x: 'left'
        anchor_y: 'bottom'
        GridLayout:
            cols: 1
 
            InputParameters:
                id:_input_parameters

            StatusBar:
                id:_status_bar
                       
                

<Instruction>:
    AnchorLayout:
        anchor_x: 'left'
        anchor_y: 'bottom'
        GridLayout:
            cols: 1
            canvas.before:
            Label:
                text:

            Button:
                text: 
                on_release:
                    app.root.current = "peenomat"
                    app.root.transition.direction = "up"

<Additional>:
    AnchorLayout:
        anchor_x: 'left'
        anchor_y: 'bottom'
        GridLayout:
            cols: 1
            Button:
                text: 
                on_release:
                    app.root.current = "peenomat"
                    app.root.transition.direction = "left"

.kv文件，其中引用了按钮的功能： statusbar.kv

#: import statusbar StatusBar

<StatusBar@BoxLayout>

    orientation:'horizontal'
    padding:
    spacing: 

    Label:
        size_hint: 0.05,1

    Button:
        text: 'Leeren'
        on_press: root.btn_clear()

    Button:
        text: "Mehr"
        on_release:
            app.root.current = "additional"
            app.root.transition.direction ="right"


    Button:
        text: u"Los schl\u00e4gts"
        on_press: root.btn_submit()

    Button:
        text: "?"
        on_release:
            app.root.current = "instruction"
            app.root.transition.direction ="down"

最后是提供类的python文件，在这些类中我生成了现在崩溃的按钮的功能： StatusBAr.py

from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.uix.gridlayout import GridLayout
from kivy.properties import ObjectProperty
from kivy.properties import StringProperty
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
#from Inputparameters import InputParameters


ver = ''
class InputParameters(GridLayout):
    verfahren =ObjectProperty(None)

    def on_state(self,togglebutton):
        tb = togglebutton
        global ver
        if tb.state == 'down':
            self.verfahren = tb.text
            ver = tb.text
            print(self.verfahren,ver)
            return self.verfahren


class StatusBar(BoxLayout):
    #InputGrößen
    group_mode = False
    prozess = ObjectProperty(None)
    vorbehandlung = ObjectProperty(None)
    material = ObjectProperty(None)
    haerte = ObjectProperty(None)
    rauheit = ObjectProperty(None)
    verfahren = ObjectProperty(None)

    #OutputGrößen
    frequency = StringProperty(None)
    speed = StringProperty(None)
    hub = StringProperty(None)

    def btn_submit(self):
        global ver
        ip = App.get_running_app().root.ids._input_parameters
        op = App.get_running_app().root.ids._output_parameters

        frequenz = 0
        if ip.haerte.value < 50:
            op.frequency = str(180) +" Hz"
            op.speed = str(2.4) +" mm/s"
            op.hub = str(3.4) + " mm"
        elif ip.haerte.value < 60:
            op.frequency = str(200) +" Hz"
            op.speed = str(3.5) + " mm/s"
            op.hub = str(5.23) + " mm"
        else:
            op.frequency = str(220) +" Hz"
            op.speed = str(1.2) + " mm/s"
            op.hub = str(7.2) + " mm"
        #control to see if right value is taken
        print(op.frequency)

    def btn_clear(self):
        ip = App.get_running_app().root.ids._input_parameters
        op = App.get_running_app().root.ids._output_parameters
        ip.pro1.state = "normal"
        ip.pro2.state = "normal"
        ip.pro3.state = "normal"
        ip.material.text = "Auswahl treffen"
        ip.vorbehandlung.text = "Auswahl treffen"
        ip.haerte.value = 55
        ip.rauheit.value = 5.5
        op.frequency = "---"
        op.speed = "---"
        op.hub = "---"

因此，如果使用提交或清除按钮，则会出现以下错误：

[INFO   ] [Base        ] Leaving application in progress...
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "kivy\properties.pyx",line 860,in kivy.properties.ObservableDict.__getattr__
 KeyError: '_input_parameters'
 
 During handling of the above exception,another exception occurred:
 
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "C:/Users/schum/Dokumente/TUD/Masterthesis/Peenomat.py",line 79,in <module>
     PeenomatApp().run()
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\app.py",line 855,in run
     runTouchApp()
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\base.py",line 504,in runTouchApp
     EventLoop.window.mainloop()
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\core\window\window_sdl2.py",line 747,in mainloop
     self._mainloop()
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\core\window\window_sdl2.py",line 479,in _mainloop
     EventLoop.idle()
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\base.py",line 342,in idle
     self.dispatch_input()
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\base.py",line 327,in dispatch_input
     post_dispatch_input(*pop(0))
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\base.py",line 233,in post_dispatch_input
     listener.dispatch('on_motion',etype,me)
   File "kivy\_event.pyx",line 707,in kivy._event.EventDispatcher.dispatch
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\core\window\__init__.py",line 1402,in on_motion
     self.dispatch('on_touch_down',line 1418,in on_touch_down
     if w.dispatch('on_touch_down',touch):
   File "kivy\_event.pyx",in kivy._event.EventDispatcher.dispatch
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\uix\screenmanager.py",line 1191,in on_touch_down
     return super(ScreenManager,self).on_touch_down(touch)
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\uix\widget.py",line 549,in on_touch_down
     if child.dispatch('on_touch_down',in kivy._event.EventDispatcher.dispatch
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\uix\relativelayout.py",line 288,in on_touch_down
     ret = super(RelativeLayout,in kivy._event.EventDispatcher.dispatch
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\uix\widget.py",in kivy._event.EventDispatcher.dispatch
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\uix\behaviors\button.py",line 151,in on_touch_down
     self.dispatch('on_press')
   File "kivy\_event.pyx",line 703,in kivy._event.EventDispatcher.dispatch
   File "kivy\_event.pyx",line 1214,in kivy._event.EventObservers.dispatch
   File "kivy\_event.pyx",line 1098,in kivy._event.EventObservers._dispatch
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\venv\lib\site-packages\kivy\lang\builder.py",line 64,in custom_callback
     exec(__kvlang__.co_value,idmap)
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\Statusbar.kv",line 38,in <module>
     on_press: root.btn_submit()
   File "C:\Users\schum\Dokumente\TUD\Masterthesis\StatusBar.py",line 41,in btn_submit
     ip = App.get_running_app().root.ids._input_parameters
   File "kivy\properties.pyx",line 863,in kivy.properties.ObservableDict.__getattr__
 AttributeError: 'super' object has no attribute '__getattr__'

按钮的功能是从.kv.file中获取所选参数

inputparameters.kv

#: import statusbar StatusBar

<InputParameters@GridLayout>
    #Initialisierung .py zu .kv Ids
    prozess: _prozess
    pro1: _prozess1
    pro2: _prozess2
    pro3: _prozess3
    vorbehandlung: _vorbehandlung
    material: _material
    haerte: _haerte
    rauheit: _rauheit

    cols: 2
    padding: 25
    spacing: 10

    #Prozess
    Label:
        text:'Prozess:              '

    BoxLayout:
        orientation: 'horizontal'
        id: _prozess

        ToggleButton:
            id:_prozess1
            text:'P-MOH'
            group: "proc_group"
            on_state: root.on_state(self)

        ToggleButton:
            id:_prozess2
            text:'E-MOH'
            group: "proc_group"
            on_state: root.on_state(self)

        ToggleButton:
            id:_prozess3
            text:'PE-MOH'
            group: "proc_group"
            on_state: root.on_state(self)

    #Material

    Label:
        text: 'Material:'

    Spinner:
        id: _material
        text: "Auswahl treffen"
        values: ['1.2379','Gusseisen','Kautschuk','Carbon','Adamantium']

    # Herstellschritte
    Label:
        text:'Fertigungsschritte:'

    Spinner:
        id: _vorbehandlung
        text: "Auswahl treffen"
        values: [u'Fr\u00e4sen','Erodieren','Schleifen','Polieren']

    # Haerte
    Label:
        text: u"H\u00e4rte:"

    BoxLayout:
        orientation: 'vertical'

        Label:
            text: str(_haerte.value) + ' HRC'

        Slider:
            id: _haerte
            min: 45
            max: 65
            step: 1
            value_track: True

    # Rauheit
    Label:
        text:'Rauheit:'              

    BoxLayout:
        orientation: 'vertical'
        Label:
            text: str("%.1f" % _rauheit.value) + ' Rz' #eine Nachkommastelle

        Slider:
            id: _rauheit
            min: 1
            max: 10
            value_track: True

奇怪的是，切换按钮仍可以使用statusbar.py中的generatet函数来完成其工作。 希望您能帮我解决这个问题，甚至不知道从哪里开始。 预先谢谢！！

解决方法

为ids文件中的每个规则创建kv字典，并将那些ids放在该规则根目录的字典中。因此_input_parameters id仅在ids实例的Peenomat中。

所以，我认为您需要更改：

    ip = App.get_running_app().root.ids._input_parameters

类似：

    ip = App.get_running_app().root.get_screen('peenomat').ids._input_parameters

您的root中的App是ScreenManager，而get_screen('peenomat')获得了Peenomat Screen实例。