如何解决在特定联接中忽略了Postgres pg_trgm GIN索引
我有一个表item
,其中包含多个文本字段,例如name
,unique_attr
,category
等,而我都使用GIN为所有索引建立了索引( gin_trgm_ops)索引用于更快的ilike
查询,实际上,即使连接到表inventory_membership
,索引也可以使用,并可以加快执行时间。我的解释输出:
explain analyze select i.* from item i
join inventory_membership im on im.inventory_id = i.inventory_id
where i.name ilike '%blu%' or unique_attr ilike '%blu%' or category ilike '%blu%'
or brand ilike '%blu%';
Hash Join (cost=98.64..4584.98 rows=87302 width=478) (actual time=4.258..30.393 rows=57584 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (i.inventory_id = im.inventory_id)
-> Bitmap Heap Scan on item i (cost=95.45..3584.23 rows=4982 width=478) (actual time=3.706..10.529 rows=3340 loops=1)
Recheck Cond: ((name ~~* '%blu%'::text) OR (unique_attr ~~* '%blu%'::text) OR (category ~~* '%blu%'::text) OR (brand ~~* '%blu%'::text))
Heap Blocks: exact=715
-> BitmapOr (cost=95.45..95.45 rows=5130 width=0) (actual time=3.622..3.622 rows=0 loops=1)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on item_name_idx (cost=0.00..42.97 rows=3596 width=0) (actual time=1.612..1.612 rows=3160 loops=1)
Index Cond: (name ~~* '%blu%'::text)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on item_unique_attr_idx (cost=0.00..12.01 rows=1 width=0) (actual time=0.586..0.586 rows=32 loops=1)
Index Cond: (unique_attr ~~* '%blu%'::text)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on item_category_idx (cost=0.00..22.78 rows=1437 width=0) (actual time=0.888..0.888 rows=1394 loops=1)
Index Cond: (category ~~* '%blu%'::text)
-> Bitmap Index Scan on item_brand_idx (cost=0.00..12.72 rows=96 width=0) (actual time=0.532..0.532 rows=42 loops=1)
Index Cond: (brand ~~* '%blu%'::text)
-> Hash (cost=1.97..1.97 rows=97 width=4) (actual time=0.059..0.060 rows=87 loops=1)
Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 12kB
-> Seq Scan on inventory_membership im (cost=0.00..1.97 rows=97 width=4) (actual time=0.010..0.032 rows=87 loops=1)
Planning Time: 0.924 ms
Execution Time: 42.093 ms
我们可以看到item_name_idx
,item_unique_attr_idx
,item_category_idx
和item_brand_idx
GIN索引已用于索引条件。很好。
但是,当我联接另一个表(inventory
表仅具有id
和name
列)时,索引消失了。
说明:
explain analyze select i.* from item i
join inventory inv on inv.id = i.inventory_id
join inventory_membership im on im.inventory_id = i.inventory_id
where i.name ilike '%blu%' or unique_attr ilike '%blu%' or category ilike '%blu%' or brand
ilike '%blu%';
Hash Join (cost=4.67..1172.61 rows=60407 width=478) (actual time=0.775..121.787 rows=57584 loops=1)
Hash Cond: (inv.id = im.inventory_id)
-> Merge Join (cost=1.49..440.81 rows=4982 width=482) (actual time=0.111..101.857 rows=3340 loops=1)
Merge Cond: (i.inventory_id = inv.id)
-> Index Scan using item_inventory_id_idx on item i (cost=0.29..13946.60 rows=4982 width=478) (actual time=0.085..99.857 rows=3340 loops=1)
Filter: ((name ~~* '%blu%'::text) OR (unique_attr ~~* '%blu%'::text) OR (category ~~* '%blu%'::text) OR (brand ~~* '%blu%'::text))
Rows Removed by Filter: 34858
-> Sort (cost=1.20..1.22 rows=8 width=4) (actual time=0.020..0.025 rows=8 loops=1)
Sort Key: inv.id
Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 25kB
-> Seq Scan on inventory inv (cost=0.00..1.08 rows=8 width=4) (actual time=0.006..0.009 rows=8 loops=1)
-> Hash (cost=1.97..1.97 rows=97 width=4) (actual time=0.650..0.651 rows=87 loops=1)
Buckets: 1024 Batches: 1 Memory Usage: 12kB
-> Seq Scan on inventory_membership im (cost=0.00..1.97 rows=97 width=4) (actual time=0.005..0.028 rows=87 loops=1)
Planning Time: 7.193 ms
Execution Time: 132.427 ms
您会看到GIN索引不见了,解释使用的唯一索引是item_inventory_id_idx
-这是常规的FK BTREE索引。
而且,执行时间花了很多时间。为什么?
解决方法
您注意到您对库存名称最感兴趣,并且库存表中只有8行。 8行是查询计划者偏爱merge join
而不是hash join
的原因,当两个表都很大时,它会更好。合并联接需要将inventory_id
放在排序列表中(这恰好是索引),这意味着它不希望使用GIN索引,因为它认为效率较低。
现在,没有数据了,您可以做几件事,但我不知道哪种会更快。您已经尝试过的第一个方法是在scalar subquery
中获取广告资源名称:
SELECT i.*,(select name from inventory where id = i.inventory_id) as inventoryName
FROM item i
JOIN inventory_membership im ON im.inventory_id = i.inventory_id
WHERE i.name ilike '%blu%' or unique_attr ilike '%blu%' or category ilike '%blu%'
or brand ilike '%blu%';
但这意味着此select
语句执行了57k次,每行执行一次。第二种是使用您已有的查询,但要查看在i.inventory_id
中将inv.id
更改为inventory_membership
是否有任何改变。
SELECT i.*,inv.name as inventoryName
FROM item i
JOIN inventory inv ON inv.id = i.inventory_id
JOIN inventory_membership im ON im.inventory_id = inv.id -- <- this changed
WHERE i.name ilike '%blu%' or unique_attr ilike '%blu%' or category ilike '%blu%'
or brand ilike '%blu%';
最后,就像在this问题中所说的那样,您可以使用CTE或带有OFFSET 0
的子查询来强制执行第一个查询,然后获取清单名称。
WITH my_items AS (
SELECT i.*
FROM item i
JOIN inventory_membership im ON im.inventory_id = i.inventory_id
WHERE i.name ilike '%blu%' or unique_attr ilike '%blu%' or category ilike '%blu%'
or brand ilike '%blu%'
)
SELECT i.*,inv.name as inventoryName
FROM my_items i
JOIN inventory inv ON inv.id = i.inventory_id
或
SELECT i.*,inv.name as inventoryName
FROM (
SELECT i.*
FROM item i
JOIN inventory_membership im ON im.inventory_id = i.inventory_id
WHERE i.name ilike '%blu%' or unique_attr ilike '%blu%' or category ilike '%blu%'
or brand ilike '%blu%'
OFFSET 0 -- <- this forces the subquery to be evaluated separate from the rest of the query
) i
JOIN inventory inv ON inv.id = i.inventory_id
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