Angular 10 SSR和expressjs会话

分类：编程问答

如何解决Angular 10 SSR和expressjs会话

我在Angular中有一个组件，我在其中使用HttpClient向服务器发出GET请求以获取当前已登录的用户。由于这是一个SSR应用程序，因此代码可同时在客户端和服务器上运行。问题在于，当它在服务器上运行时，会话数据不可用，这意味着无法验证对后端的请求，因此失败。在客户端上，会话数据可用，因此请求成功。

我将express-session用于以下会话选项：

const sessionOptions: session.SessionOptions = {
  secret: process.env.SESSION_SECRET || 'placeholder',resave: false,saveUninitialized: true,cookie: { secure: false },};
server.use(session(sessionOptions));

我使用Twitter OAuth进行身份验证。

const router = Router();

router.get('/sessions/connect',(req,res) => {
  const twitterAuth = new TwitterAuth(req);
  twitterAuth.consumer.getOAuthRequestToken((error,oauthToken,oauthTokenSecret,_) => {
    if (error) {
      console.error('Error getting OAuth request token:',error);
      res.sendStatus(500);
    } else {
      req.session.oauthRequestToken = oauthToken;
      req.session.oauthRequestTokenSecret = oauthTokenSecret;
      res.redirect(`https://twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=${oauthToken}`);
    }
  });
});

router.get('/sessions/disconnect',res) => {
  req.session.oauthRequestToken = null;
  req.session.oauthRequestTokenSecret = null;
  res.redirect('/');
});

router.get('/sessions/callback',res) => {
  const twitterAuth = new TwitterAuth(req);
  const oauthVerifier = req.query.oauth_verifier as string;
  twitterAuth.consumer.getOAuthAccessToken(
    req.session.oauthRequestToken,req.session.oauthRequestTokenSecret,oauthVerifier,async (error,oauthAccessToken,oauthAccessTokenSecret,results) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Error getting OAuth access token:',error,`[${oauthAccessToken}] [${oauthAccessTokenSecret}] [${results}]`);
        res.sendStatus(500);
      } else {
        req.session.oauthAccessToken = oauthAccessToken;
        req.session.oauthAccessTokenSecret = oauthAccessTokenSecret;

        const twitter = twitterAuth.api(req.session);
        try {
          const response = await twitter.get('account/verify_credentials',{});
          const screenName = response.screen_name;

          console.log(`Signed in with @${screenName}`);
          console.log(response);

          res.redirect('/');
        } catch (err) {
          console.error(err);
          res.sendStatus(500);
        }
      }
    }
  );
});

router.get('/user',async (req,res) => {
  const twitterAuth = new TwitterAuth(req);
  const twitter = twitterAuth.api(req.session);
  try {
    const response = await twitter.get('account/verify_credentials',{});
    res.json({
      name: response.name,screenName: response.screen_name,});
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
    res.sendStatus(401);
  }
});

在客户端上，GET请求看起来像这样：

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { makeStateKey,TransferState } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { User } from '../types/user';

const USER_KEY = makeStateKey('user');

@Component({
  selector: 'app-home',templateUrl: './home.component.html',styleUrls: ['./home.component.sass']
})
export class HomeComponent implements OnInit {
  user?: User;

  constructor(private httpClient: HttpClient,private state: TransferState) {}

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.user = this.state.get(USER_KEY,null);

    if (!this.user) {
      this.httpClient.get('/api/twitter/user').pipe(catchError(this.handleHttpError)).subscribe((user: User) => {
        this.user = user;
        this.state.set(USER_KEY,user);
      });
    }
  }
  
  // [irrelevant code omitted]
}

这个想法是，首先在服务器上执行GET请求，然后使用TransferState保存用户，以便一旦在客户端上再次运行相同的代码，便可以将其提供给客户端。但是，问题在于服务器上的请求失败，并显示以下错误：

ERROR HttpErrorResponse {
  headers: HttpHeaders {
    normalizedNames: Map(0) {},lazyUpdate: null,lazyInit: [Function (anonymous)]
  },status: 401,statusText: 'Unauthorized',url: 'https://<domain>/api/twitter/user',ok: false,name: 'HttpErrorResponse',message: 'Http failure response for https://<domain>/api/twitter/user: 401 Unauthorized',error: 'Unauthorized'

当我为客户端GET调用和服务器GET调用console.log expressjs request.session对象时，我注意到服务器GET调用具有不同的会话ID，因此缺少用于身份验证的令牌和令牌密钥请求。如何确保客户端和服务器都共享相同的会话ID和相同的令牌？

解决方法

我找不到使它与会话一起使用的方法，但是我确实找到了一种仅使用cookie使其工作的方法。

import { APP_BASE_HREF } from '@angular/common';
import { REQUEST,RESPONSE } from '@nguniversal/express-engine/tokens';
import * as cookieParser from 'cookie-parser';
import * as cookieEncrypter from 'cookie-encrypter';

// …

server.use(cookieParser(cookieSecret));
server.use(cookieEncrypter(cookieSecret));

// All regular routes use the Universal engine
server.get('*',(req,res) => {
  res.render(indexHtml,{
    req,res,providers: [
      { provide: APP_BASE_HREF,useValue: req.baseUrl },{ provide: REQUEST,useValue: req },{ provide: RESPONSE,useValue: res }
    ]
  });
});

然后，对于auth端点，我这样做：

const cookieOptions: CookieOptions = {
  httpOnly: true,signed: true,};

const router = Router();

router.get('/auth/connect',res) => {
  const twitterAuth = new TwitterAuth(req);
  twitterAuth.consumer.getOAuthRequestToken((error,oauthToken,oauthTokenSecret,_) => {
    if (error) {
      console.error('Error getting OAuth request token:',error);
      res.sendStatus(500);
    } else {
      res.cookie('oauthRequestToken',cookieOptions);
      res.cookie('oauthRequestTokenSecret',cookieOptions);
      res.redirect(`https://twitter.com/oauth/authorize?oauth_token=${oauthToken}`);
    }
  });
});

router.get('/auth/disconnect',res) => {
  res.clearCookie('oauthRequestToken',{ signed: true });
  res.clearCookie('oauthRequestTokenSecret',{ signed: true });
  res.clearCookie('oauthAccessToken',{ signed: true });
  res.clearCookie('oauthAccessTokenSecret',{ signed: true });
  res.redirect('/');
});

router.get('/auth/callback',res) => {
  const twitterAuth = new TwitterAuth(req);
  const oauthVerifier = req.query.oauth_verifier as string;
  twitterAuth.consumer.getOAuthAccessToken(
    req.signedCookies.oauthRequestToken,req.signedCookies.oauthRequestTokenSecret,oauthVerifier,async (error,oauthAccessToken,oauthAccessTokenSecret,results) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Error getting OAuth access token: ',error);
        res.sendStatus(error.statusCode);
      } else {
        res.cookie('oauthAccessToken',cookieOptions);
        res.cookie('oauthAccessTokenSecret',cookieOptions);

        const twitter = twitterAuth.api({ oauthAccessToken,oauthAccessTokenSecret });
        try {
          const response = await twitter.get('account/verify_credentials',{});
          const screenName = response.screen_name;

          console.log(`Signed in with @${screenName}`);
          console.log(response);

          res.redirect('/');
        } catch (err) {
          console.error(err);
          res.sendStatus(500);
        }
      }
    }
  );
});

router.get('/user',async (req,res) => {
  const twitterAuth = new TwitterAuth(req);
  const twitter = twitterAuth.api(req.signedCookies);
  try {
    const response = await twitter.get('account/verify_credentials',{});
    res.json({
      name: response.name,screenName: response.screen_name,});
  } catch (err) {
    console.error(err);
    res.sendStatus(401);
  }
});

在客户端方面并没有真正改变：

import { Component,OnInit } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { catchError } from 'rxjs/operators';
import { makeStateKey,TransferState } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { User } from '../types/user';

const USER_KEY = makeStateKey('user');

@Component({
  selector: 'app-home',templateUrl: './home.component.html',styleUrls: ['./home.component.sass']
})
export class HomeComponent implements OnInit {
  user?: User;

  constructor(private httpClient: HttpClient,private state: TransferState) {}

  ngOnInit(): void {
    this.user = this.state.get(USER_KEY,null);

    if (!this.user) {
      // The request path must be absolute as opposed to relative
      this.httpClient.get('https://<domain>/api/twitter/user').pipe(catchError(this.handleHttpError)).subscribe((user: User) => {
        this.user = user;
        this.state.set(USER_KEY,user);
      });
    }
  }
  
  // [irrelevant code omitted]
}

为了将cookie暴露给服务器，我必须创建以下拦截器：

import { Injectable,Optional,Inject } from '@angular/core';
import { HttpInterceptor,HttpHandler,HttpRequest,HttpEvent } from '@angular/common/http';
import { REQUEST } from '@nguniversal/express-engine/tokens';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable()
export class CookieInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor {
  constructor(@Optional() @Inject(REQUEST) private httpRequest) {}

  intercept(req: HttpRequest<any>,next: HttpHandler): Observable<HttpEvent<any>> {
    // If optional request is provided,we are server side
    if (this.httpRequest) {
      req = req.clone({
        setHeaders: { Cookie: this.httpRequest.headers.cookie }
      });
    }
    return next.handle(req);
  }
}

然后，我必须将其添加到app.server.module.ts中：

import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { ServerModule,ServerTransferStateModule } from '@angular/platform-server';
import { CookieBackendModule } from 'ngx-cookie-backend';
import { HttpClientModule,XhrFactory,HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from '@angular/common/http';
import * as xhr2 from 'xhr2';

import { AppModule } from './app.module';
import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
import { CookieInterceptor } from '../../cookie-interceptor';

class ServerXhr implements XhrFactory {
  build(): XMLHttpRequest {
    xhr2.XMLHttpRequest.prototype._restrictedHeaders = {};
    return new xhr2.XMLHttpRequest();
  }
}

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    AppModule,ServerModule,ServerTransferStateModule,HttpClientModule,CookieBackendModule.forRoot(),],bootstrap: [AppComponent],providers: [
    { provide: XhrFactory,useClass: ServerXhr },{ provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS,useClass: CookieInterceptor,multi: true }
  ],})
export class AppServerModule {}

请注意，ServerXhr类也需要添加为提供者。

受this answer启发的解决方案。

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