Palisade 开发库无法编译示例代码

分类：编程问答

如何解决Palisade 开发库无法编译示例代码

操作系统：Linux

几天以来，我一直试图从 Palisade FHE library 运行此示例代码。在成功编译库本身后，我尝试为其示例程序之一制作一个 makefile，并得到关于缺少命名空间的这个很长的错误。我是 C++ 的初学者，无法破译此错误消息。对于特别熟悉这个库的人来说，g++ 找不到 lbcrypto。我搜索了整个系统，但没有找到具有此名称的文件。我不知道命名空间位于何处，也不知道如何将它包含在我的 makefile 中。这是我运行 make 时的 makefile 和错误。

生成文件

CC = g++
 CFLAGS = -Wall -g

 main: simple-integers.o ; $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -l /usr/local/include/palisade/pke/ciphertext.h -o main simple-integers.o

simple-integers.o: simple-integers.cpp ; $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c simple-integers.cpp -I /usr/local/include/palisade/pke/ -I /usr/local/include/palisade/core -I /usr/local/include/palisade

错误

/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:100: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorIlaptop% cat file.txt 
g++ -Wall -g -o main simple-integers.o 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: warning: relocation against `_ZTVN8lbcrypto15IntegerEncodingE' in read-only section `.text._ZN8lbcrypto15IntegerEncodingC2ESt10shared_ptrINS_12ILDCRTParamsIN9bigintfxd10BigIntegerIjLj3500EEEEEES1_INS_18EncodingParamsImplEE[_ZN8lbcrypto15IntegerEncodingC5ESt10shared_ptrINS_12ILDCRTParamsIN9bigintfxd10BigIntegerIjLj3500EEEEEES1_INS_18EncodingParamsImplEE]' 
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/bin/ld: DWARF error: could not find variable specification at offset 42f44 
simple-integers.o: in function `main': 
/home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:40: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextFactory<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::genCryptoContextBFVrns(unsigned long,lbcrypto::SecurityLevel,float,unsigned int,MODE,int,unsigned long,unsigned int)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:55: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::EvalMultKeyGen(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::LPPrivateKeyImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > > >)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:58: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::EvalAtIndexKeyGen(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::LPPrivateKeyImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > > >,std::vector<int,std::allocator<int> > const&,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::LPPublicKeyImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > > >)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:90: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::EvalAtIndex(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::CiphertextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > > const>,int) const' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:91: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,int) const' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:92: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,int) const' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:93: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,int) const' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:100: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::Decrypt(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::LPPrivateKeyImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::CiphertextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::PlaintextImpl>*)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:105: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::PlaintextImpl>*)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:109: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::PlaintextImpl>*)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:111: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::PlaintextImpl>*)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:113: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::PlaintextImpl>*)' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o:/home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:115: more undefined references to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::PlaintextImpl>*)' follow 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::PlaintextImpl::PlaintextImpl(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > >,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>,bool)': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/plaintext.h:148: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::PolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > >::PolyImpl(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,Format,bool)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/plaintext.h:148: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::PolyImpl<bigintnat::NativeVector<bigintnat::NativeIntegerT<unsigned long> > >::PolyImpl()' 
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/plaintext.h:148: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > >::DCRTPolyImpl(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,bool)' 
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/plaintext.h:148: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::PolyImpl<bigintnat::NativeVector<bigintnat::NativeIntegerT<unsigned long> > >::~PolyImpl()' 
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/plaintext.h:148: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::PolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > >::~PolyImpl()' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::CKKSPackedEncoding::CKKSPackedEncoding(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>)': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/ckkspackedencoding.h:67: undefined reference to `vtable for lbcrypto::CKKSPackedEncoding' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::CoefPackedEncoding::CoefPackedEncoding(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>)': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/coefpackedencoding.h:48: undefined reference to `vtable for lbcrypto::CoefPackedEncoding' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::FractionalEncoding::FractionalEncoding(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>)': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/fractionalencoding.h:67: undefined reference to `vtable for lbcrypto::FractionalEncoding' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::IntegerEncoding::IntegerEncoding(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>)': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/integerencoding.h:46: undefined reference to `vtable for lbcrypto::IntegerEncoding' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::PackedEncoding::PackedEncoding(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>)': 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::ScalarEncoding::ScalarEncoding(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>)': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/core/encoding/scalarencoding.h:46: undefined reference to `vtable for lbcrypto::ScalarEncoding' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::StringEncoding::StringEncoding(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::ILDCRTParams<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::EncodingParamsImpl>)': 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::KeyGen()': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/pke/cryptocontext.h:939: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextFactory<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::GetContextForPointer(lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >*)' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::EvalMult(std::shared_ptr<lbcrypto::CiphertextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > > const>) const': 
/usr/local/include/palisade/pke/cryptocontext.h:2522: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,3500u> > > >::GetEvalMultKeyVector(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > const&)' 
/usr/bin/ld: warning: creating DT_TEXTREL in a PIE 
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status 
make: *** [Makefile:4: main] Error 1 
/usr/bin/ld: /home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:100: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorIlaptop% cat file.txt 
g++ -Wall -g -o main simple-integers.o 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: warning: relocation against `_ZTVN8lbcrypto15IntegerEncodingE' in read-only section `.text._ZN8lbcrypto15IntegerEncodingC2ESt10shared_ptrINS_12ILDCRTParamsIN9bigintfxd10BigIntegerIjLj3500EEEEEES1_INS_18EncodingParamsImplEE[_ZN8lbcrypto15IntegerEncodingC5ESt10shared_ptrINS_12ILDCRTParamsIN9bigintfxd10BigIntegerIjLj3500EEEEEES1_INS_18EncodingParamsImplEE]' 
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/bin/ld: DWARF error: could not find variable specification at offset 42f44 
simple-integers.o: in function `main': 
/home/admin/Libraries/palisade-release/src/pke/examples/simple-integers.cpp:40: undefined reference to `lbcrypto::CryptoContextFactory<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,bool)' 
/usr/bin/ld: simple-integers.o: in function `lbcrypto::CryptoContextImpl<lbcrypto::DCRTPolyImpl<bigintfxd::BigVectorImpl<bigintfxd::BigInteger<unsigned int,std::allocator<char> > const&)' 
/usr/bin/ld: warning: creating DT_TEXTREL in a PIE 
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status 
make: *** [Makefile:4: main] Error 1

我尝试编译的示例代码

// @file  simple-integers.cpp - Simple example for BFVrns (integer arithmetic).
// @author TPOC: contact@palisade-crypto.org
//
// @copyright Copyright (c) 2019,New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT))
// All rights reserved.
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms,with or without
// modification,are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,// this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
// and/or other materials provided with the distribution. THIS SOFTWARE IS
// PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES,INCLUDING,BUT NOT LIMITED TO,THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
// EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,// INDIRECT,INCIDENTAL,SPECIAL,EXEMPLARY,OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
// (INCLUDING,PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
// LOSS OF USE,DATA,OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
// ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,WHETHER IN CONTRACT,STRICT LIABILITY,OR TORT
// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
// SOFTWARE,EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

#include "palisade.h"

using namespace lbcrypto;

int main() {
  // Sample Program: Step 1: Set CryptoContext

  // Set the main parameters
  int plaintextModulus = 65537;
  double sigma = 3.2;
  SecurityLevel securityLevel = HEStd_128_classic;
  uint32_t depth = 2;

  // Instantiate the crypto context
  CryptoContext<DCRTPoly> cryptoContext =
      CryptoContextFactory<DCRTPoly>::genCryptoContextBFVrns(
          plaintextModulus,securityLevel,sigma,depth,OPTIMIZED);

  // Enable features that you wish to use
  cryptoContext->Enable(ENCRYPTION);
  cryptoContext->Enable(SHE);

  // Sample Program: Step 2: Key Generation

  // Initialize Public Key Containers
  LPKeyPair<DCRTPoly> keyPair;

  // Generate a public/private key pair
  keyPair = cryptoContext->KeyGen();

  // Generate the relinearization key
  cryptoContext->EvalMultKeyGen(keyPair.secretKey);

  // Generate the rotation evaluation keys
  cryptoContext->EvalAtIndexKeyGen(keyPair.secretKey,{1,2,-1,-2});

  // Sample Program: Step 3: Encryption

  // First plaintext vector is encoded
  std::vector<int64_t> vectorOfInts1 = {1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12};
  Plaintext plaintext1 = cryptoContext->MakePackedPlaintext(vectorOfInts1);
  // Second plaintext vector is encoded
  std::vector<int64_t> vectorOfInts2 = {3,1,12};
  Plaintext plaintext2 = cryptoContext->MakePackedPlaintext(vectorOfInts2);
  // Third plaintext vector is encoded
  std::vector<int64_t> vectorOfInts3 = {1,12};
  Plaintext plaintext3 = cryptoContext->MakePackedPlaintext(vectorOfInts3);

  // The encoded vectors are encrypted
  auto ciphertext1 = cryptoContext->Encrypt(keyPair.publicKey,plaintext1);
  auto ciphertext2 = cryptoContext->Encrypt(keyPair.publicKey,plaintext2);
  auto ciphertext3 = cryptoContext->Encrypt(keyPair.publicKey,plaintext3);

  // Sample Program: Step 4: Evaluation

  // Homomorphic additions
  auto ciphertextAdd12 = cryptoContext->EvalAdd(ciphertext1,ciphertext2);
  auto ciphertextAddResult =
      cryptoContext->EvalAdd(ciphertextAdd12,ciphertext3);

  // Homomorphic multiplications
  auto ciphertextMul12 = cryptoContext->EvalMult(ciphertext1,ciphertext2);
  auto ciphertextMultResult =
      cryptoContext->EvalMult(ciphertextMul12,ciphertext3);

  // Homomorphic rotations
  auto ciphertextRot1 = cryptoContext->EvalAtIndex(ciphertext1,1);
  auto ciphertextRot2 = cryptoContext->EvalAtIndex(ciphertext1,2);
  auto ciphertextRot3 = cryptoContext->EvalAtIndex(ciphertext1,-1);
  auto ciphertextRot4 = cryptoContext->EvalAtIndex(ciphertext1,-2);

  // Sample Program: Step 5: Decryption

  // Decrypt the result of additions
  Plaintext plaintextAddResult;
  cryptoContext->Decrypt(keyPair.secretKey,ciphertextAddResult,&plaintextAddResult);

  // Decrypt the result of multiplications
  Plaintext plaintextMultResult;
  cryptoContext->Decrypt(keyPair.secretKey,ciphertextMultResult,&plaintextMultResult);

  // Decrypt the result of rotations
  Plaintext plaintextRot1;
  cryptoContext->Decrypt(keyPair.secretKey,ciphertextRot1,&plaintextRot1);
  Plaintext plaintextRot2;
  cryptoContext->Decrypt(keyPair.secretKey,ciphertextRot2,&plaintextRot2);
  Plaintext plaintextRot3;
  cryptoContext->Decrypt(keyPair.secretKey,ciphertextRot3,&plaintextRot3);
  Plaintext plaintextRot4;
  cryptoContext->Decrypt(keyPair.secretKey,ciphertextRot4,&plaintextRot4);

  plaintextRot1->SetLength(vectorOfInts1.size());
  plaintextRot2->SetLength(vectorOfInts1.size());
  plaintextRot3->SetLength(vectorOfInts1.size());
  plaintextRot4->SetLength(vectorOfInts1.size());

  std::cout << "Plaintext #1: " << plaintext1 << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Plaintext #2: " << plaintext2 << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Plaintext #3: " << plaintext3 << std::endl;

  // Output results
  std::cout << "\nResults of homomorphic computations" << std::endl;
  std::cout << "#1 + #2 + #3: " << plaintextAddResult << std::endl;
  std::cout << "#1 * #2 * #3: " << plaintextMultResult << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Left rotation of #1 by 1: " << plaintextRot1 << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Left rotation of #1 by 2: " << plaintextRot2 << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Right rotation of #1 by 1: " << plaintextRot3 << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Right rotation of #1 by 2: " << plaintextRot4 << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

为简洁起见，省略了一些错误。

解决方法

我想问一个澄清问题。为什么您尝试手动编写 const { Client } = require('discord.js'); const bot = new Client(); const TOKEN = process.env.TOKEN; const PREFIX = '!'; bot.on('ready',() => { console.log('This bot is active!'); }); bot.on('message',(message) => { if (message.content === '!dm') { const taggedUser = message.mentions.users.first(); const user = client.users.cache.get(taggedUser.username); user.send('test'); } }); bot.login(TOKEN); 文件，而不是使用基于 Makefile 的 PALISADE 推荐方法？说明位于 https://gitlab.com/palisade/palisade-development/-/wikis/Instructions-for-building-user-projects-that-use-PALISADE。您应该只需复制 cmake 用户示例并进行细微更改即可编译。

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