如何解决导入栅格失败原因：找不到图片
我将在python中使用rasterio。我通过
下载了rasterioconda install -c conda-forge rasterio
但是由于以下导入错误，我无法导入它。我已经阅读了一些相关的问题，但不确定是不是因为默认通道和conda-forge通道的混合使用。我对此完全陌生，我想知道下一步对我来说是什么。谢谢！
>>>import rasterio
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<ipython-input-7-350e27267e59>",line 1,in <module>
import rasterio
File "/Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rasterio/__init__.py",line 15,in <module>
from rasterio._base import (
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/rasterio/_base.cpython-37m-darwin.so,2): Library not loaded: @rpath/libgif.7.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3/lib/libgdal.20.dylib
Reason: image not found
我在下面添加了我的conda信息，以防不便。
conda info
active environment : base
active env location : /Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3
shell level : 1
user config file : /Users/miaoxinran/.condarc
populated config files : /Users/miaoxinran/.condarc
conda version : 4.8.5
conda-build version : 3.18.8
python version : 3.7.1.final.0
virtual packages : __osx=10.15
base environment : /Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3 (writable)
channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/osx-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
package cache : /Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3/pkgs
/Users/miaoxinran/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3/envs
/Users/miaoxinran/.conda/envs
platform : osx-64
user-agent : conda/4.8.5 requests/2.22.0 CPython/3.7.1 Darwin/19.0.0 OSX/10.15
UID:GID : 501:20
netrc file : None
offline mode : False
conda list
# packages in environment at /Users/miaoxinran/anaconda3:
#
# Name Version Build Channel
_anaconda_depends 2019.03 py37_0
_ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf 0.1.0 py37_0
_tflow_select 2.3.0 mkl
absl-py 0.8.0 py37_0
affine 2.3.0 py_0 conda-forge
alabaster 0.7.12 py37_0
anaconda custom py37_1
anaconda-client 1.7.2 py37_0
anaconda-navigator 1.9.7 py37_0
anaconda-project 0.8.3 py_0
appnope 0.1.0 py37_0
appscript 1.1.0 py37h1de35cc_0
asn1crypto 0.24.0 py37_0
astor 0.8.0 py37_0
astroid 2.2.5 py37_0
astropy 3.2.1 py37h1de35cc_0
atomicwrites 1.3.0 py37_1
attrs 19.1.0 py37_1
babel 2.7.0 py_0
backcall 0.1.0 py37_0
backports 1.0 py_2
backports.functools_lru_cache 1.5 py_2
backports.os 0.1.1 py37_0
backports.shutil_get_terminal_size 1.0.0 py37_2
backports.tempfile 1.0 py_1
backports.weakref 1.0.post1 py_1
beautifulsoup4 4.7.1 py37_1
bitarray 0.9.3 py37h1de35cc_0
bkcharts 0.2 py37_0
blas 1.0 mkl
bleach 3.1.0 py37_0
blosc 1.16.3 hd9629dc_0
bokeh 1.2.0 py37_0
boost-cpp 1.70.0 hd59e818_1 conda-forge
boto 2.49.0 py37_0
boto3 1.15.1 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
botocore 1.18.1 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
bottleneck 1.2.1 py37h1d22016_1
bzip2 1.0.8 h1de35cc_0
c-ares 1.15.0 h1de35cc_1001
ca-certificates 2020.6.20 hecda079_0 conda-forge
cairo 1.14.12 hc4e6be7_4
certifi 2020.6.20 py37hc8dfbb8_0 conda-forge
cffi 1.12.3 py37hb5b8e2f_0
chardet 3.0.4 py37_1
click 7.0 py37_0
click-plugins 1.1.1 py_0 conda-forge
cligj 0.5.0 py_0 conda-forge
cloudpickle 1.2.1 py_0
clyent 1.2.2 py37_1
colorama 0.4.1 py37_0
conda 4.8.5 py37hc8dfbb8_1 conda-forge
conda-build 3.18.8 py37_0
conda-env 2.6.0 1
conda-package-handling 1.3.11 py37_0
conda-verify 3.4.2 py_1
contextlib2 0.5.5 py37_0
cryptography 2.5 py37hdbc3d79_1 conda-forge
curl 7.63.0 heae2a1f_1000 conda-forge
cycler 0.10.0 py37_0
cython 0.29.12 py37h0a44026_0
cytoolz 0.10.0 py37h1de35cc_0
dask 2.1.0 py_0
dask-core 2.1.0 py_0
dbus 1.13.6 h90a0687_0
deap 1.3.1 pypi_0 pypi
decorator 4.4.0 py37_1
defusedxml 0.6.0 py_0
distributed 2.1.0 py_0
docutils 0.14 py37_0
entrypoints 0.3 py37_0
et_xmlfile 1.0.1 py37_0
expat 2.2.6 h0a44026_0
fastcache 1.1.0 py37h1de35cc_0
ffmpeg 4.0 h01ea3c9_0
filelock 3.0.12 py_0
flask 1.1.1 py_0
fontconfig 2.13.0 h5d5b041_1
freetype 2.9.1 hb4e5f40_0
freexl 1.0.5 h0b31af3_1002 conda-forge
fribidi 1.0.5 h1de35cc_0
future 0.17.1 py37_0
gast 0.3.2 py_0
geos 3.6.2 h0a44026_1004 conda-forge
get_terminal_size 1.0.0 h7520d66_0
gettext 0.19.8.1 h15daf44_3
gevent 1.4.0 py37h1de35cc_0
giflib 5.1.7 h01d97ff_1 conda-forge
glib 2.56.2 hd9629dc_0
glob2 0.7 py_0
gmp 6.1.2 hb37e062_1
gmpy2 2.0.8 py37h6ef4df4_2
graphite2 1.3.13 h2098e52_0
graphviz 2.40.1 hefbbd9a_2
greenlet 0.4.15 py37h1de35cc_0
grpcio 1.16.0 py37h9011c5e_1000 conda-forge
h5py 2.8.0 py37h878fce3_3
harfbuzz 1.8.8 hb8d4a28_0
hdf4 4.2.13 0 conda-forge
hdf5 1.10.2 hfa1e0ec_1
heapdict 1.0.0 py37_2
html5lib 1.0.1 py37_0
icu 58.2 h4b95b61_1
idna 2.8 py37_0
imageio 2.5.0 py37_0
imagesize 1.1.0 py37_0
importlib_metadata 0.17 py37_1
intel-openmp 2019.4 233
ipykernel 5.1.1 py37h39e3cac_0
ipython 7.6.1 py37h39e3cac_0
ipython_genutils 0.2.0 py37_0
ipywidgets 7.5.0 py_0
isort 4.3.21 py37_0
itsdangerous 1.1.0 py37_0
jasper 2.0.14 h636a363_1
jbig 2.1 h4d881f8_0
jdcal 1.4.1 py_0
jedi 0.13.3 py37_0
jinja2 2.10.1 py37_0
jmespath 0.10.0 pyh9f0ad1d_0 conda-forge
joblib 0.13.2 py37_0
jpeg 9b he5867d9_2
json-c 0.13.1 h575e443_1002 conda-forge
json5 0.8.4 py_0
jsonschema 3.0.1 py37_0
jupyter 1.0.0 py37_7
jupyter_client 5.3.1 py_0
jupyter_console 6.0.0 py37_0
jupyter_core 4.5.0 py_0
jupyterlab 1.0.2 py37hf63ae98_0
jupyterlab_server 1.0.0 py_0
kealib 1.4.7 h40e48e4_6
keras 2.2.4 0
keras-applications 1.0.8 py_0
keras-base 2.2.4 py37_0
keras-preprocessing 1.1.0 py_1
keyring 18.0.0 py37_0
kiwisolver 1.1.0 py37h0a44026_0
krb5 1.16.2 h24a3359_1000 conda-forge
lazy-object-proxy 1.4.1 py37h1de35cc_0
libarchive 3.3.3 h786848e_5
libcurl 7.63.0 h76de61e_1000 conda-forge
libcxx 4.0.1 hcfea43d_1
libcxxabi 4.0.1 hcfea43d_1
libdap4 3.19.1 hae55d67_1000 conda-forge
libedit 3.1.20181209 hb402a30_0
libffi 3.2.1 h475c297_4
libgdal 2.2.4 h7b1ea53_2
libgfortran 3.0.1 h93005f0_2
libiconv 1.15 hdd342a3_7
libkml 1.3.0 hed7d534_1010 conda-forge
liblief 0.9.0 h2a1bed3_2
libnetcdf 4.6.1 h5e45101_3 conda-forge
libopencv 3.4.2 h7c891bd_1
libopus 1.3 h1de35cc_0
libpng 1.6.37 ha441bb4_0
libpq 10.6 hbe1e24e_1000 conda-forge
libprotobuf 3.9.2 hd9629dc_0
libsodium 1.0.16 h3efe00b_0
libspatialite 4.3.0a ha12ebda_19
libssh2 1.8.0 hf30b1f0_1003 conda-forge
libtiff 4.0.10 hcb84e12_2
libuuid 1.0.3 h6bb4b03_2
libvpx 1.7.0 h378b8a2_0
libxml2 2.9.9 hf6e021a_1
libxslt 1.1.33 h33a18ac_0
lightfm 1.15 pypi_0 pypi
llvm-openmp 4.0.1 hcfea43d_1
llvmlite 0.29.0 py37h98b8051_0
locket 0.2.0 py37_1
lxml 4.3.4 py37hef8c89e_0
lz4-c 1.8.1.2 h1de35cc_0
lzo 2.10 h362108e_2
markdown 3.1.1 py37_0
markupsafe 1.1.1 py37h1de35cc_0
matplotlib 3.1.0 py37h54f8f79_0
mccabe 0.6.1 py37_1
mistune 0.8.4 py37h1de35cc_0
mkl 2019.4 233
mkl-service 2.0.2 py37h1de35cc_0
mkl_fft 1.0.12 py37h5e564d8_0
mkl_random 1.0.2 py37h27c97d8_0
mlxtend 0.17.0 py_0 conda-forge
mock 3.0.5 py37_0
more-itertools 7.0.0 py37_0
mpc 1.1.0 h6ef4df4_1
mpfr 4.0.1 h3018a27_3
mpmath 1.1.0 py37_0
msgpack-python 0.6.1 py37h04f5b5a_1
multipledispatch 0.6.0 py37_0
navigator-updater 0.2.1 py37_0
nbconvert 5.5.0 py_0
nbformat 4.4.0 py37_0
ncurses 6.1 h0a44026_1
networkx 2.3 py_0
ninja 1.9.0 py37h04f5b5a_0
nltk 3.4.4 py37_0
nose 1.3.7 py37_2
notebook 6.0.0 py37_0
numba 0.44.1 py37h6440ff4_0
numexpr 2.6.9 py37h7413580_0
numpy 1.16.4 py37hacdab7b_0
numpy-base 1.16.4 py37h6575580_0
numpydoc 0.9.1 py_0
olefile 0.46 py37_0
opencv 3.4.2 py37h6fd60c2_1
openjpeg 2.3.1 hdc36067_1 conda-forge
openpyxl 2.6.2 py_0
openssl 1.0.2u h0b31af3_0 conda-forge
packaging 19.0 py37_0
pandas 0.24.2 py37h0a44026_0
pandoc 2.2.3.2 0
pandocfilters 1.4.2 py37_1
pango 1.42.4 h060686c_0
parso 0.5.0 py_0
partd 1.0.0 py_0
path.py 12.0.1 py_0
pathlib2 2.3.4 py37_0
patsy 0.5.1 py37_0
pcre 8.43 h0a44026_0
pep8 1.7.1 py37_0
pexpect 4.7.0 py37_0
pickleshare 0.7.5 py37_0
pillow 6.1.0 py37hb68e598_0
pip 19.1.1 py37_0
pixman 0.38.0 h1de35cc_0
pkginfo 1.5.0.1 py37_0
pluggy 0.12.0 py_0
ply 3.11 py37_0
poppler 0.65.0 ha097c24_1
poppler-data 0.4.9 1 conda-forge
proj4 5.0.1 h1de35cc_0
prometheus_client 0.7.1 py_0
prompt_toolkit 2.0.9 py37_0
protobuf 3.9.2 py37h0a44026_0
psutil 5.6.3 py37h1de35cc_0
ptyprocess 0.6.0 py37_0
py 1.8.0 py37_0
py-lief 0.9.0 py37h1413db1_2
py-opencv 3.4.2 py37h7c891bd_1
pycodestyle 2.5.0 py37_0
pycosat 0.6.3 py37h1de35cc_0
pycparser 2.19 py37_0
pycrypto 2.6.1 py37h1de35cc_9
pycurl 7.43.0.2 py37hdbc3d79_0
pydotplus 2.0.2 py37_1
pyflakes 2.1.1 py37_0
pygments 2.4.2 py_0
pylint 2.3.1 py37_0
pyodbc 4.0.26 py37h0a44026_0
pyopenssl 19.0.0 py37_0
pyparsing 2.4.0 py_0
pyqt 5.9.2 py37h655552a_2
pyrsistent 0.14.11 py37h1de35cc_0
pysocks 1.7.0 py37_0
pytables 3.4.4 py37h13cba08_0
pytest 5.0.1 py37_0
pytest-arraydiff 0.3 py37h39e3cac_0
pytest-astropy 0.5.0 py37_0
pytest-doctestplus 0.3.0 py37_0
pytest-openfiles 0.3.2 py37_0
pytest-remotedata 0.3.1 py37_0
python 3.7.1 h145921a_1000 conda-forge
python-dateutil 2.8.0 py37_0
python-libarchive-c 2.8 py37_11
python.app 2 py37_9
python_abi 3.7 1_cp37m conda-forge
pytorch 1.3.0 py3.7_0 pytorch
pytz 2019.1 py_0
pywavelets 1.0.3 py37h1d22016_1
pyyaml 5.1.1 py37h1de35cc_0
pyzmq 18.0.0 py37h0a44026_0
qt 5.9.7 h468cd18_1
qtawesome 0.5.7 py37_1
qtconsole 4.5.1 py_0
qtpy 1.8.0 py_0
rasterio 0.36.0 py37h0dff353_2
readline 7.0 h1de35cc_5
requests 2.22.0 py37_0
rope 0.14.0 py_0
ruamel_yaml 0.15.46 py37h1de35cc_0
s3transfer 0.3.3 py37hc8dfbb8_1 conda-forge
scikit-image 0.15.0 py37h0a44026_0
scikit-learn 0.23.1 pypi_0 pypi
scipy 1.5.0 pypi_0 pypi
seaborn 0.9.0 py37_0
send2trash 1.5.0 py37_0
setuptools 41.0.1 py37_0
simplegeneric 0.8.1 py37_2
singledispatch 3.4.0.3 py37_0
sip 4.19.8 py37h0a44026_0
six 1.12.0 py37_0
snappy 1.1.7 he62c110_3
snowballstemmer 1.9.0 py_0
snuggs 1.4.7 py_0 conda-forge
sortedcollections 1.1.2 py37_0
sortedcontainers 2.1.0 py37_0
soupsieve 1.8 py37_0
sphinx 2.1.2 py_0
sphinxcontrib 1.0 py37_1
sphinxcontrib-applehelp 1.0.1 py_0
sphinxcontrib-devhelp 1.0.1 py_0
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp 1.0.2 py_0
sphinxcontrib-jsmath 1.0.1 py_0
sphinxcontrib-qthelp 1.0.2 py_0
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.3 py_0
sphinxcontrib-websupport 1.1.2 py_0
spyder 3.3.6 py37_0
spyder-kernels 0.5.1 py37_0
sqlalchemy 1.3.5 py37h1de35cc_0
sqlite 3.29.0 ha441bb4_0
statsmodels 0.10.0 py37h1d22016_0
stopit 1.1.2 pypi_0 pypi
sympy 1.4 py37_0
tbb 2019.8 h770b8ee_0 conda-forge
tblib 1.4.0 py_0
tensorboard 1.14.0 py37h80053f4_0
tensorflow 1.14.0 mkl_py37h085be34_0
tensorflow-base 1.14.0 mkl_py37h5a24fda_0
tensorflow-estimator 1.14.0 py_0
termcolor 1.1.0 py37_1
terminado 0.8.2 py37_0
testpath 0.4.2 py37_0
threadpoolctl 2.1.0 pypi_0 pypi
tk 8.6.8 ha441bb4_0
toolz 0.10.0 py_0
torchvision 0.4.1 py37_cpu pytorch
tornado 6.0.3 py37h1de35cc_0
tpot 0.11.5 pypi_0 pypi
tqdm 4.46.1 pypi_0 pypi
traitlets 4.3.2 py37_0
unicodecsv 0.14.1 py37_0
unixodbc 2.3.7 h1de35cc_0
update-checker 0.17 pypi_0 pypi
urllib3 1.24.2 py37_0
watermark 2.0.1 py_0 conda-forge
wcwidth 0.1.7 py37_0
webencodings 0.5.1 py37_1
werkzeug 0.15.4 py_0
wheel 0.33.4 py37_0
widgetsnbextension 3.5.0 py37_0
wrapt 1.11.2 py37h1de35cc_0
wurlitzer 1.0.2 py37_0
xerces-c 3.2.2 h4db8090_1003 conda-forge
xlrd 1.2.0 py37_0
xlsxwriter 1.1.8 py_0
xlwings 0.15.8 py37_0
xlwt 1.3.0 py37_0
xz 5.2.4 h1de35cc_4
yaml 0.1.7 hc338f04_2
zeromq 4.3.1 h0a44026_3
zict 1.0.0 py_0
zipp 0.5.1 py_0
zlib 1.2.11 h1de35cc_3
zstd 1.3.7 h5bba6e5_0
我对此完全陌生。任何建议将不胜感激！
解决方法
我在rasterio方面有一些经验，但是我几乎不是光栅大师。如果我没记错的话，rasterio要求您安装程序GDAL（二进制文件和python实用程序），以及PyPi页面上列出的一些其他依赖项。我目前不使用conda，我喜欢将常规的python 3.8安装程序与pip一起使用。根据安装过程中看到的内容，我将卸载rasterio并遵循不同的安装过程。
我按照此处列出的说明进行操作：https://rasterio.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html
此页面还为使用Anaconda的用户提供了单独的说明。
到目前为止，GDAL安装最令人讨厌，但是一旦完成，困难的部分就结束了。可以在以下位置找到适用于rasterio和gdal的python实用程序：
https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#gdal
PyPi页面上也提供了第二个链接，但是我想将其保留为书签，因为那里有很多好的资源！
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