如何解决尽管已在CMake中指定了库,但仍存在未定义的参考错误与libtorch链接的问题C ++ 11 ABI?
我试图从我创建的库中创建测试可执行文件。让我们将它们命名为lib1和lib2。 lib1随它的测试一起构建。 lib2的构建也没有任何问题。但是,每当我尝试将lib2与它的测试可执行文件(即使用lib2的示例程序)链接时,都会出现以下错误:
usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/Lib2_Test.dir/Lib2_Test.cpp.o: in function `main':
Lib2_Test.cpp:(.text+0xf3): undefined reference to `Lib2::Lib2(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> >,std::__cxx11::basic_string<char,int,int)'
/usr/bin/ld: Lib2_Test.cpp:(.text+0x3f5): undefined reference to `Lib2::Evaluate(bool&,std::allocator<char> >&,float&,cv::Mat&,bool)'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/Lib2_Test.dir/build.make:130: Lib2_Test] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:76: CMakeFiles/Lib2_Test.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:130: all] Error 2
我尝试使用readelf -d
和ldd
命令查看标头,两个库似乎都具有所有必要的引用。但是lib1没有任何问题,而lib2链接到使用它的可执行文件时会生成未引用的相关错误。
下面是我为它们创建的cmakeList,后来我还包含了readelf
的输出。
lib1
的CMakelist.txt:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
project(Lib1)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
find_package(Torch REQUIRED)
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
add_definitions(-D_LIB1_BUILD_DLL)
set( CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fPIC" )
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/built_stuff)
include_directories( /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Dependencies/include ${TORCH_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
LINK_DIRECTORIES(/home/me/libtorch-cxx11-abi-shared-with-deps-1.6.0+cpu/libtorch/lib)
# http://dlib.net/examples/CMakeLists.txt.html
add_subdirectory(/home/me/dlib-19.21 /home/me/dlib-19.21/build)
set(Lib1_SRC ./lib1.cpp)
add_library(lib1 SHARED ${Lib1_SRC})
# Link
target_link_libraries(lib1 ${TORCH_LIBRARIES})
target_link_libraries(lib1 ${OpenCV_LIBS})
target_link_libraries(lib1 dlib::dlib)
install(TARGETS lib1 LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)
这是lib1_test
的CMakeList.txt:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
project(Lib1_Test)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
find_package(Torch REQUIRED)
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/built_stuff)
include_directories( /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Dependencies/include ${TORCH_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
# Link
add_executable(lib1_dynamic_test ./Lib1_Test.cpp)
target_link_directories(lib1_dynamic_test PRIVATE /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Lib1/build)
target_link_libraries(lib1_dynamic_test lib1 )
target_link_libraries(lib1_dynamic_test ${TORCH_LIBRARIES} )
target_link_libraries(lib1_dynamic_test ${OpenCV_LIBS})
install(TARGETS lib1_dynamic_test DESTINATION bin)
这是lib2
的CMakeList.txt:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
project(Lib2)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
find_package(Torch REQUIRED)
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
add_definitions(-D_LIB2_BUILD_DLL)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/built_stuff)
include_directories( /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Dependencies/include ${TORCH_INCLUDE_DIRS} ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
LINK_DIRECTORIES(/home/me/libtorch-cxx11-abi-shared-with-deps-1.6.0+cpu/libtorch/lib)
LINK_DIRECTORIES(/home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Lib1/build)
set(LIB2_SRC ./lib2.cpp )
add_library(lib2_dynamic SHARED ${LIB2_SRC} )
target_link_directories(lib2_dynamic PRIVATE /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Lib1/build)
target_link_libraries(lib2_dynamic lib1)
target_link_libraries(lib2_dynamic ${TORCH_LIBRARIES})
target_link_libraries(lib2_dynamic ${OpenCV_LIBS})
install(TARGETS lib2_dynamic LIBRARY DESTINATION lib)
最后是lib2_test
的CMakeList:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
project(Lib2_Test)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/built_stuff)
#find_package(Torch REQUIRED)
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
include_directories( /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Dependencies/include ${OpenCV_INCLUDE_DIRS})
LINK_DIRECTORIES(/home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Lib1/build)
add_executable(Lib2_Test ./lib2_test.cpp)
target_link_directories(Lib2_Test PRIVATE /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Lib2/build)
#target_link_directories(Lib2_Test PUBLIC /home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Lib1/build)
#Link
target_link_libraries(Lib2_Test ${OpenCV_LIBS})
target_link_libraries(Lib2_Test lib2_dynamic)
install(TARGETS Lib2_Test DESTINATION bin)
运行readelf -d lib1
,这是我得到的输出:
Dynamic section at offset 0x908f8 contains 38 entries:
Tag Type Name/Value
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libtorch.so]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc10.so]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libtorch_cpu.so]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libopencv_highgui.so.3.4]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libopencv_imgproc.so.3.4]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libopencv_core.so.3.4]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libcblas.so.3]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [liblapack.so.3]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libstdc++.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libm.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libgcc_s.so.1]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]
0x000000000000000e (SONAME) Library soname: [libLib1.so]
0x000000000000001d (RUNPATH) Library runpath: [/home/me/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/lib:/home/me/libtorch-cxx11-abi-shared-with-deps-1.6.0+cpu/libtorch/lib:/usr/local/lib:]
0x000000000000000c (INIT) 0x1a000
0x000000000000000d (FINI) 0x57e00
0x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY) 0x90b28
0x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ) 32 (bytes)
0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY) 0x90b48
0x000000000000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes)
0x000000006ffffef5 (GNU_HASH) 0x328
0x0000000000000005 (STRTAB) 0x6840
0x0000000000000006 (SYMTAB) 0x1758
0x000000000000000a (STRSZ) 56053 (bytes)
0x000000000000000b (SYMENT) 24 (bytes)
0x0000000000000003 (PLTGOT) 0x92000
0x0000000000000002 (PLTRELSZ) 8112 (bytes)
0x0000000000000014 (PLTREL) RELA
0x0000000000000017 (JMPREL) 0x17ff0
0x0000000000000007 (RELA) 0x14b58
0x0000000000000008 (RELASZ) 13464 (bytes)
0x0000000000000009 (RELAENT) 24 (bytes)
0x000000006ffffffe (VERNEED) 0x149f8
0x000000006fffffff (VERNEEDNUM) 5
0x000000006ffffff0 (VERSYM) 0x14336
0x000000006ffffff9 (RELACOUNT) 6
0x0000000000000000 (NULL) 0x0
这是lib2
的输出:
Dynamic section at offset 0x37ba0 contains 32 entries:
Tag Type Name/Value
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libLib1.so]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libtorch.so]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libtorch_cpu.so]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libopencv_core.so.3.4]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libstdc++.so.6]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libgcc_s.so.1]
0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x000000000000000e (SONAME) Library soname: [libLib2_dynamic.so]
0x000000000000001d (RUNPATH) Library runpath: [/home/me/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/lib:/home/me/libtorch-cxx11-abi-shared-with-deps-1.6.0+cpu/libtorch/lib:/home/me/Desktop/LibtorchPort/Lib1/build:/usr/local/lib:]
0x000000000000000c (INIT) 0x1e000
0x000000000000000d (FINI) 0x2ec10
0x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY) 0x38108
0x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ) 16 (bytes)
0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY) 0x38118
0x000000000000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes)
0x000000006ffffef5 (GNU_HASH) 0x2f0
0x0000000000000005 (STRTAB) 0x7d88
0x0000000000000006 (SYMTAB) 0x1dd0
0x000000000000000a (STRSZ) 62708 (bytes)
0x000000000000000b (SYMENT) 24 (bytes)
0x0000000000000003 (PLTGOT) 0x39000
0x0000000000000002 (PLTRELSZ) 14784 (bytes)
0x0000000000000014 (PLTREL) RELA
0x0000000000000017 (JMPREL) 0x19e90
0x0000000000000007 (RELA) 0x17b38
0x0000000000000008 (RELASZ) 9048 (bytes)
0x0000000000000009 (RELAENT) 24 (bytes)
0x000000006ffffffe (VERNEED) 0x17a78
0x000000006fffffff (VERNEEDNUM) 3
0x000000006ffffff0 (VERSYM) 0x1727c
0x000000006ffffff9 (RELACOUNT) 4
0x0000000000000000 (NULL) 0x0
然而lib1
的构建和链接很好,而依赖于lib2
的{{1}}链接到其测试或任何其他库时却遇到问题。我在这一点上一无所知,不知道是什么原因造成的。我想念什么?
更新1
这是lib1
:https://paste.ee/p/pOgFk
头文件就是这样的:
lib2_test.cpp
关于评论,您可以看到#ifndef Lib2_H
#define Lib2_H
/* If we are we on Windows,we want a single define for it.*/
#if !defined(_WIN32) && (defined(__WIN32__) || defined(WIN32) || defined(__MINGW32__))
#define _WIN32
#endif /* _WIN32 */
#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_Lib2_BUILD_DLL)
/* We are building Lib2 as a Win32 DLL */
#define LIB2_API __declspec(dllexport)
#elif defined(_WIN32) && defined(Lib2_DLL)
/* We are calling Lib2 as a Win32 DLL */
#define LIB2_API __declspec(dllimport)
#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(_Lib2_BUILD_DLL)
/* We are building Lib2 as a shared / dynamic library */
#define LIB2_API __attribute__((visibility("default")))
#else
/* We are building or calling Lib2 as a static library */
#define LIB2_API
#endif
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
enum class ValidationStatus
{
None = -1,UnderValidation = 0,Validated = 1,Invalidated = 2,AnomalyDetected = 3,ToomuchAnonalyDetected = 4
};
typedef std::tuple<ValidationStatus,std::string,bool> Lib2Result;
class Lib2Impl;
class LIB2_API Lib2
{
private:
std::shared_ptr<Lib2Impl> Lib2;
public:
Lib2(std::string shape_predictor_path = "",std::string eyeNet_path = "",int valid_presence_delay = 5,int fpasPassed = 0);
std::vector<Lib2Result> Run(std::map<std::string,bool>& validity_result,std::vector<std::tuple<std::string,float>>& ids,std::vector<cv::Mat>& faces,cv::Mat& originalImage,bool show_debug_info=false);
Lib2Result Evaluate(bool& status,std::string& name,float& theta,cv::Mat& face_image,bool debug_info = true);
~Lib2();
};
#endif // !Lib2_H
上的调用是正常的,并且使用相同的签名。
更新2
我还需要添加它,该项目在Windows中使用Visual Studio构建得很好,也可以使用cmake!但是在 Linux(ubuntu 20.04),我正在面对这些问题。因此,这不仅是调用不同/错误的方法或具有错误的签名。该代码应该可以编译和链接,但是我在这里做错了什么,我不确定它是什么。
注释2
lib1和lib2只是由实际文件名组成的名称(我只是选择lib1和lib2来简化内容,并在此处替换了名称,因此,如果您发现大小写有所不同,请不要介意实际文件名一样。
解决方法
摘要
第三方lib(火炬)是使用Pre-cxx11
ABI构建的,显然,使用该库构建的lib无法链接到使用cxx11
ABI的对象!
详细说明
经过数小时的调试,这些代码在Visual Studio和CMake中都可以在Windows中正常工作,而在Linux中却令人头痛,我找到了罪魁祸首!
libtorch附带了两种类型的构建Pre-cxx11
和cxx11
ABI!
它使用的是Python软件包(torch1.6cpu)随附的Pre-cxx11
构建的库,并且由于Anaconda3在Path中,并且我也使用它来构建库,所以我遇到了这个问题。
所有这些时间后,遗忘了未定义方法的怪异参数:std::__cxx11::basic_string
,这里应该只是std::string
。我没想到这两者会有所不同,并以为,那是g ++直到现在才使用的奇怪的命名方案,这让我说,让我们进行搜索,也许我可以从中找到一些东西!瞧!就是这种情况:
如果收到关于未定义符号引用的链接器错误, 在std :: __ cxx11命名空间或标记[abi:cxx11]中涉及类型 那么可能表明您正在尝试将对象链接在一起 使用不同值编译的文件 _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI宏。当链接到使用旧版GCC编译的第三方库时,通常会发生这种情况。如果 第三方库无法使用新的ABI重建,那么您 将需要使用旧的ABI重新编译代码。
要解决此问题,我只是在所有libs创建中直接使用了libtorch cxx11
,就这样做了。含义,与Pytorch官方文档中显示的内容不同。不要做:
cmake -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$(python -c 'import torch.utils; print(torch.utils.cmake_prefix_path)')" ..
如果您像我一样期望通过cxx11
来构建库,那么这样做会彻底崩溃!因为他们还没有!
因此,如果您使用的是Linux,只需使用CXX11
ABI抓取并使用预构建的库!并避免Pytorch附带的东西!
注意
如果您使用Pybind11和libtorch构建Python扩展,请确保您的Pytorch也使用GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1
构建,否则由于您现在知道的原因,您将看到未定义的引用!您可以通过在terminal / cmd中运行以下代码片段来简单地进行检查:
python -c "import torch; print(f'GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI = {int(torch._C._GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI)}')"
基于information provided here的conda软件包(仅限cuda构建)应随GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI=1
一起提供。我使用pip和conda测试了1.6cpu,但它们都报告了GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI = 0
。因此请注意。
如果您碰巧需要从源代码进行构建,则可以遵循this guide。
关于Pytorch为什么这样运送:
我们设置了该标志,因为我们使用的是gcc 4.9.x, 旧的ABI。在GCC 5.1中,更改了std :: string的ABI,并且 使用gcc> = 5.1编译的二进制文件与ABI不兼容 除非您设置该标志,否则二进制文件的gcc ref
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