如何解决使用 python 从 XML 文件中读取和使用属性
我正在为 InDesign 文件中的一些数据编写脚本，并且我能够成功地将其编写为 XML 文件，而就像
<?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>
<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/" x:xmptk="Adobe XMP Core 6.0-c004 79.164570,2020/11/18-15:51:46 ">
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<rdf:Description rdf:about=""
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
xmlns:xmp="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/"
xmlns:xmpTPg="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/t/pg/"
xmlns:xmpGImg="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/g/img/"
xmlns:xmpMM="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/mm/"
xmlns:stEvt="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceEvent#"
xmlns:stMfs="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ManifestItem#"
xmlns:stRef="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#"
xmlns:idPriv="http://ns.adobe.com/xmp/InDesign/private"
xmlns:xmpG="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/g/"
xmlns:stFnt="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/Font#">
<dc:format>application/x-indesign</dc:format>
<xmp:CreateDate>2020-12-08T11:45:46+05:30</xmp:CreateDate>
<xmp:MetadataDate>2020-12-22T12:13:16+05:30</xmp:MetadataDate>
<xmp:ModifyDate>2020-12-22T12:13:16+05:30</xmp:ModifyDate>
<xmp:CreatorTool>Adobe InDesign 16.1 (Windows)</xmp:CreatorTool>
<xmp:PageInfo>
<rdf:Seq>
<rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
<xmpTPg:PageNumber>1</xmpTPg:PageNumber>
<xmpGImg:format>JPEG</xmpGImg:format>
<xmpGImg:width>256</xmpGImg:width>
<xmpGImg:height>256</xmpGImg:height>
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我想从上面的xml中提取stRef:lastURL和stRef:filePath的数据，我试过
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
with open('C:\\tmp.xml','rt') as f:
tree = ET.parse(f)
namespaces = {'stRef': 'http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#'}
for node in tree.findall('stRef:lastURL',namespaces):
print(node)
但它没有给我任何需要的数据，有人可以帮忙，如何从文件中获取数据
解决方法
默认情况下，findall 方法只搜索当前元素的直接子元素：
Element.findall() 仅查找带有标记的元素，这些元素是当前元素的直接子元素。 Element.find() 查找具有特定标签的第一个子元素，Element.text 访问元素的文本内容。 Element.get() 访问元素的属性... (https://docs.python.org/3/library/xml.etree.elementtree.html#finding-interesting-elements)
然而，它也有 limited support for XPath expressions，所以你可以这样写：
for node in tree.findall('.//stRef:lastURL',namespaces):
print(node)
这将导致您的代码打印：
<Element '{http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#}lastURL' at 0x7f48e8e91360>
<Element '{http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#}lastURL' at 0x7f48e8e915e0>
<Element '{http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#}lastURL' at 0x7f48e8e91860>
<Element '{http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#}lastURL' at 0x7f48e8e91ae0>
<Element '{http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#}lastURL' at 0x7f48e8e91e00>
<Element '{http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/sType/ResourceRef#}lastURL' at 0x7f48e8e940e0>
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