尝试使用 PyPy docker 映像安装 Mecab 时出现“'gcc' failed with exit status 1”

分类：编程问答

如何解决尝试使用 PyPy docker 映像安装 Mecab 时出现“'gcc' failed with exit status 1”

尝试使用图像标签 python:3.8-slim 使用 CPython 安装 3rd 方软件包 Mecab (https://pypi.org/project/mecab/) 时，我的 Docker 图像构建得很好，但使用 PyPy 失败。

我的 Dockerfile：

FROM pypy:3-7

RUN pypy -m ensurepip --default-pip

ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV FLASK_APP "main.py"
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

RUN mkdir /app
WORKDIR /app

# Install Mecab
RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y install swig mecab libmecab-dev mecab-ipadic-utf8 git make curl xz-utils file sudo

# Set up Mecab
RUN git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/neologd/mecab-ipadic-neologd.git
RUN echo yes | mecab-ipadic-neologd/bin/install-mecab-ipadic-neologd -n -a

COPY Pip* /app/

RUN pip install --upgrade pip && \
    pip install pipenv && \
    pipenv install --dev --system --deploy --ignore-pipfile

ADD . /app

以及完整的错误输出：

Installing initially failed dependencies...
[InstallError]:   File "/opt/pypy/site-packages/pipenv/cli/command.py",line 253,in install
[InstallError]:       site_packages=state.site_packages
[InstallError]:   File "/opt/pypy/site-packages/pipenv/core.py",line 2063,in do_install
[InstallError]:       keep_outdated=keep_outdated
[InstallError]:   File "/opt/pypy/site-packages/pipenv/core.py",line 1312,in do_init
[InstallError]:       pypi_mirror=pypi_mirror,[InstallError]:   File "/opt/pypy/site-packages/pipenv/core.py",line 900,in do_install_dependencies
[InstallError]:       retry_list,procs,failed_deps_queue,requirements_dir,**install_kwargs
[InstallError]:   File "/opt/pypy/site-packages/pipenv/core.py",line 796,in batch_install
[InstallError]:       _cleanup_procs(procs,retry=retry)
[InstallError]:   File "/opt/pypy/site-packages/pipenv/core.py",line 703,in _cleanup_procs
[InstallError]:       raise exceptions.InstallError(c.dep.name,extra=err_lines)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: Collecting mecab-python3==0.996.5
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   Using cached mecab-python3-0.996.5.tar.gz (65 kB)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: Building wheels for collected packages: mecab-python3
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   Building wheel for mecab-python3 (setup.py): started
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   Building wheel for mecab-python3 (setup.py): finished with status 'error'
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    command: /opt/pypy/bin/pypy3 -u -c 'import sys,setuptools,tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-7gu0in6y/mecab-python3_30c04743845644dab48b7bc8db7a8877/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-7gu0in6y/mecab-python3_30c04743845644dab48b7bc8db7a8877/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize,'"'"'open'"'"',open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"','"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code,__file__,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-9i8vw475
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:        cwd: /tmp/pip-install-7gu0in6y/mecab-python3_30c04743845644dab48b7bc8db7a8877/
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   Complete output (59 lines):
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   running bdist_wheel
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   running build
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   running build_py
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   creating build
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MeCab
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   copying src/MeCab/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MeCab
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled,skipping.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   running build_ext
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   Extension build configuration adjusted:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    include_dirs = ['/usr/include']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    libraries    = ['mecab','stdc++']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    swig_opts    = ['-O','-builtin','-c++','-py3','-I/usr/include']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   building 'MeCab._MeCab' extension
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   swigging src/MeCab/MeCab.i to src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   swig -python -O -builtin -c++ -py3 -I/usr/include -o src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp src/MeCab/MeCab.i
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   /usr/include/mecab.h:136: Warning 302: Identifier 'surface' redefined by %extend (ignored),[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab.i:74: Warning 302: %extend definition of 'surface'.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   /usr/include/mecab.h:848: Warning 302: Identifier 'set_sentence' redefined by %extend (ignored),[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab.i:105: Warning 302: %extend definition of 'set_sentence'.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/MeCab
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -O2 -fPIC -I/usr/include -I/opt/pypy/include -c src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.o -Wno-unused-variable
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp: In function ‘void SwigPyBuiltin_SetMetaType(PyTypeObject*,PyTypeObject*)’:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:3444:11: error: ‘PyTypeObject’ {aka ‘struct _typeobject’} has no member named ‘ob_base’; did you mean ‘tp_base’?
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:        type->ob_base.ob_base.ob_type = metatype;
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:              ^~~~~~~
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:              tp_base
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp: At global scope:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:8464:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:8697:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:8978:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:9223:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:9445:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:9681:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:    ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp: In function ‘PyObject* PyInit__MeCab()’:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:10401:16: error: ‘PyDescr_NewGetSet’ was not declared in this scope
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      this_descr = PyDescr_NewGetSet(SwigPyObject_type(),&this_getset_def);
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:10401:16: note: suggested alternative: ‘PyDescrObject’
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      this_descr = PyDescr_NewGetSet(SwigPyObject_type(),&this_getset_def);
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                   PyDescrObject
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   ----------------------------------------
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   ERROR: Failed building wheel for mecab-python3
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   Running setup.py clean for mecab-python3
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: Failed to build mecab-python3
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: Installing collected packages: mecab-python3
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     Running setup.py install for mecab-python3: started
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     Running setup.py install for mecab-python3: finished with status 'error'
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      command: /opt/pypy/bin/pypy3 -u -c 'import sys,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-784d25jp/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /opt/pypy/include/mecab-python3
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:          cwd: /tmp/pip-install-7gu0in6y/mecab-python3_30c04743845644dab48b7bc8db7a8877/
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     Complete output (60 lines):
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     running install
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     running build
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     running build_py
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     creating build
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MeCab
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     copying src/MeCab/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MeCab
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     copying src/MeCab/MeCab.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.6/MeCab
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     warning: build_py: byte-compiling is disabled,skipping.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     running build_ext
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     Extension build configuration adjusted:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      include_dirs = ['/usr/include']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      library_dirs = ['/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      libraries    = ['mecab','stdc++']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      swig_opts    = ['-O','-I/usr/include']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     building 'MeCab._MeCab' extension
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     swigging src/MeCab/MeCab.i to src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     swig -python -O -builtin -c++ -py3 -I/usr/include -o src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp src/MeCab/MeCab.i
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     /usr/include/mecab.h:136: Warning 302: Identifier 'surface' redefined by %extend (ignored),[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab.i:74: Warning 302: %extend definition of 'surface'.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     /usr/include/mecab.h:848: Warning 302: Identifier 'set_sentence' redefined by %extend (ignored),[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab.i:105: Warning 302: %extend definition of 'set_sentence'.
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/MeCab
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -O2 -fPIC -I/usr/include -I/opt/pypy/include -c src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.6/src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.o -Wno-unused-variable
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp: In function ‘void SwigPyBuiltin_SetMetaType(PyTypeObject*,PyTypeObject*)’:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:3444:11: error: ‘PyTypeObject’ {aka ‘struct _typeobject’} has no member named ‘ob_base’; did you mean ‘tp_base’?
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:          type->ob_base.ob_base.ob_type = metatype;
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                ^~~~~~~
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                tp_base
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp: At global scope:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:8464:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:8697:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:8978:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:9223:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:9445:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:9681:1: error: too many initializers for ‘PyHeapTypeObject’ {aka ‘_heaptypeobject’}
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      };
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:      ^
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp: In function ‘PyObject* PyInit__MeCab()’:
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:10401:16: error: ‘PyDescr_NewGetSet’ was not declared in this scope
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:        this_descr = PyDescr_NewGetSet(SwigPyObject_type(),&this_getset_def);
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     src/MeCab/MeCab_wrap.cpp:10401:16: note: suggested alternative: ‘PyDescrObject’
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:        this_descr = PyDescr_NewGetSet(SwigPyObject_type(),&this_getset_def);
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:                     PyDescrObject
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:     ----------------------------------------
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /opt/pypy/bin/pypy3 -u -c 'import sys,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /tmp/pip-record-784d25jp/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /opt/pypy/include/mecab-python3 Check the logs for full command output.
ERROR: Couldn't install package: mecab-python3
 Package installation failed...

我尝试将 gcc 添加到安装中，但没有解决问题。 Mecab 与 PyPy 不兼容吗？

解决方法

由于很少有项目为 PyPy 上传二进制轮子，因此获取 PyPy 二进制包的最简单方法是使用 conda

conda create -n pypy37  pypy python=3.7
conda activate pypy37
conda install mecab  # gets version 0.996

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