如何解决如何在android kivy项目Python中使用usbserial4a接收uart消息
我是一名本科生，这是我关于堆栈溢出的第一个问题。
我正在尝试通过 UART 使用安卓手机与 CoraZ7 板通信。我遵循了 jacklinquan (https://github.com/jacklinquan/usbserial4a) 的 usbserial4a 项目中的步骤。我能够连接到 FTDI 设备（出现“允许应用访问 USB 设备”），但应用似乎无法通过 UART 接收或发送消息。
我正在使用 https://github.com/jacklinquan/usbserial4a/blob/master/example/usbserial4a_ui_example.py 中给出的示例脚本。
我的设置：
- 手机：搭载 Android 8.0.0 的 Galaxy A5
- 设备：带有 FTDI FT2232HQ 的 CoraZ7
CoraZ7 每秒发送字符串“从主任务每 1 秒定期输出\r\n”。我用安卓上的“串行 USB 终端”应用验证了这一点。
在示例应用中，设备显示为“/dev/bus/usb/001/002”。当我连接时，它没有收到任何消息。当我使用写入按钮时，CoraZ7 rx LED 不亮。同时，在 pc (linux) 上，设备显示为“/dev/ttyUSB1”并且通信正常（它使用 pySerial 而不是 usbserial4a）。
以下是我用 buildozer 编译的 kivy android 项目的文件：
“projectFolder”/buildozer.spec
[app]
# (str) Title of your application
title = My Application
# (str) Package name
package.name = myapp
# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = org.test
# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .
# (list) Source files to include (let empty to include all the files)
source.include_exts = py,png,jpg,kv,atlas
# (list) List of inclusions using pattern matching
#source.include_patterns = assets/*,images/*.png
# (list) Source files to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_exts = spec
# (list) List of directory to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_dirs = tests,bin,venv
# (list) List of exclusions using pattern matching
#source.exclude_patterns = license,images/*/*.jpg
# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
version = 0.1
# (str) Application versioning (method 2)
# version.regex = __version__ = ['"](.*)['"]
# version.filename = %(source.dir)s/main.py
# (list) Application requirements
# comma separated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy
requirements = python3,kivy,usbserial4a,pyjnius,usb4a
# (str) Custom source folders for requirements
# Sets custom source for any requirements with recipes
# requirements.source.kivy = ../../kivy
# (str) Presplash of the application
#presplash.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/presplash.png
# (str) Icon of the application
#icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/icon.png
# (str) Supported orientation (one of landscape,sensorLandscape,portrait or all)
orientation = portrait
# (list) List of service to declare
#services = NAME:ENTRYPOINT_TO_PY,NAME2:ENTRYPOINT2_TO_PY
#
# OSX Specific
#
#
# author = © Copyright Info
# change the major version of python used by the app
osx.python_version = 3
# Kivy version to use
osx.kivy_version = 1.9.1
#
# Android specific
#
# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not
fullscreen = 0
# (string) Presplash background color (for android toolchain)
# Supported formats are: #RRGGBB #AARRGGBB or one of the following names:
# red,blue,green,black,white,gray,cyan,magenta,yellow,lightgray,# darkgray,grey,lightgrey,darkgrey,aqua,fuchsia,lime,maroon,navy,# olive,purple,silver,teal.
#android.presplash_color = #FFFFFF
# (string) Presplash animation using Lottie format.
# see https://lottiefiles.com/ for examples and https://airbnb.design/lottie/
# for general documentation.
# Lottie files can be created using various tools,like Adobe After Effect or Synfig.
#android.presplash_lottie = "path/to/lottie/file.json"
# (list) Permissions
#android.permissions = INTERNET
# (list) features (adds uses-feature -tags to manifest)
#android.features = android.hardware.usb.host
# (int) Target Android API,should be as high as possible.
#android.api = 27
# (int) Minimum API your APK will support.
#android.minapi = 21
# (int) Android SDK version to use
#android.sdk = 20
# (str) Android NDK version to use
#android.ndk = 19b
# (int) Android NDK API to use. This is the minimum API your app will support,it should usually match android.minapi.
#android.ndk_api = 21
# (bool) Use --private data storage (True) or --dir public storage (False)
#android.private_storage = True
# (str) Android NDK directory (if empty,it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ndk_path =
# (str) Android SDK directory (if empty,it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.sdk_path =
# (str) ANT directory (if empty,it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ant_path =
# (bool) If True,then skip trying to update the Android sdk
# This can be useful to avoid excess Internet downloads or save time
# when an update is due and you just want to test/build your package
# android.skip_update = False
# (bool) If True,then automatically accept SDK license
# agreements. This is intended for automation only. If set to False,# the default,you will be shown the license when first running
# buildozer.
# android.accept_sdk_license = False
# (str) Android entry point,default is ok for Kivy-based app
#android.entrypoint = org.renpy.android.PythonActivity
# (str) Android app theme,default is ok for Kivy-based app
# android.apptheme = "@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar"
# (list) Pattern to whitelist for the whole project
#android.whitelist =
# (str) Path to a custom whitelist file
#android.whitelist_src =
# (str) Path to a custom blacklist file
#android.blacklist_src =
# (list) List of Java .jar files to add to the libs so that pyjnius can access
# their classes. Don't add jars that you do not need,since extra jars can slow
# down the build process. Allows wildcards matching,for example:
# OUYA-ODK/libs/*.jar
#android.add_jars = foo.jar,bar.jar,path/to/more/*.jar
# (list) List of Java files to add to the android project (can be java or a
# directory containing the files)
#android.add_src =
# (list) Android AAR archives to add
#android.add_aars =
# (list) Gradle dependencies to add
#android.gradle_dependencies =
# (list) add java compile options
# this can for example be necessary when importing certain java libraries using the 'android.gradle_dependencies' option
# see https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support for further information
# android.add_compile_options = "sourceCompatibility = 1.8","targetCompatibility = 1.8"
# (list) Gradle repositories to add {can be necessary for some android.gradle_dependencies}
# please enclose in double quotes
# e.g. android.gradle_repositories = "maven { url 'https://kotlin.bintray.com/ktor' }"
#android.add_gradle_repositories =
# (list) packaging options to add
# see https://google.github.io/android-gradle-dsl/current/com.android.build.gradle.internal.dsl.PackagingOptions.html
# can be necessary to solve conflicts in gradle_dependencies
# please enclose in double quotes
# e.g. android.add_packaging_options = "exclude 'META-INF/common.kotlin_module'","exclude 'META-INF/*.kotlin_module'"
#android.add_packaging_options =
# (list) Java classes to add as activities to the manifest.
#android.add_activities = com.example.ExampleActivity
# (str) OUYA Console category. Should be one of GAME or APP
# If you leave this blank,OUYA support will not be enabled
#android.ouya.category = GAME
# (str) Filename of OUYA Console icon. It must be a 732x412 png image.
#android.ouya.icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/ouya_icon.png
# (str) XML file to include as an intent filters in <activity> tag
#android.manifest.intent_filters = intent-filter.xml
# (str) launchMode to set for the main activity
#android.manifest.launch_mode = standard
# (list) Android additional libraries to copy into libs/armeabi
#android.add_libs_armeabi = libs/android/*.so
#android.add_libs_armeabi_v7a = libs/android-v7/*.so
#android.add_libs_arm64_v8a = libs/android-v8/*.so
#android.add_libs_x86 = libs/android-x86/*.so
#android.add_libs_mips = libs/android-mips/*.so
# (bool) Indicate whether the screen should stay on
# Don't forget to add the WAKE_LOCK permission if you set this to True
#android.wakelock = False
# (list) Android application meta-data to set (key=value format)
#android.meta_data =
# (list) Android library project to add (will be added in the
# project.properties automatically.)
#android.library_references =
# (list) Android shared libraries which will be added to AndroidManifest.xml using <uses-library> tag
#android.uses_library =
# (str) Android logcat filters to use
#android.logcat_filters = *:S python:D
# (str) Android additional adb arguments
#android.adb_args = -H host.docker.internal
# (bool) Copy library instead of making a libpymodules.so
#android.copy_libs = 1
# (str) The Android arch to build for,choices: armeabi-v7a,arm64-v8a,x86,x86_64
android.arch = armeabi-v7a
# (int) overrides automatic versionCode computation (used in build.gradle)
# this is not the same as app version and should only be edited if you know what you're doing
# android.numeric_version = 1
# (bool) enables Android auto backup feature (Android API >=23)
android.allow_backup = True
# (str) XML file for custom backup rules (see official auto backup documentation)
# android.backup_rules =
# (str) If you need to insert variables into your AndroidManifest.xml file,# you can do so with the manifestPlaceholders property.
# This property takes a map of key-value pairs. (via a string)
# Usage example : android.manifest_placeholders = [myCustomUrl:\"org.kivy.customurl\"]
# android.manifest_placeholders = [:]
#
# Python for android (p4a) specific
#
# (str) python-for-android fork to use,defaults to upstream (kivy)
#p4a.fork = kivy
# (str) python-for-android branch to use,defaults to master
#p4a.branch = master
# (str) python-for-android git clone directory (if empty,it will be automatically cloned from github)
#p4a.source_dir =
# (str) The directory in which python-for-android should look for your own build recipes (if any)
#p4a.local_recipes =
# (str) Filename to the hook for p4a
#p4a.hook =
# (str) Bootstrap to use for android builds
# p4a.bootstrap = sdl2
# (int) port number to specify an explicit --port= p4a argument (eg for bootstrap flask)
#p4a.port =
# Control passing the --use-setup-py vs --ignore-setup-py to p4a
# "in the future" --use-setup-py is going to be the default behaviour in p4a,right now it is not
# Setting this to false will pass --ignore-setup-py,true will pass --use-setup-py
# NOTE: this is general setuptools integration,having pyproject.toml is enough,no need to generate
# setup.py if you're using Poetry,but you need to add "toml" to source.include_exts.
#p4a.setup_py = false
#
# iOS specific
#
# (str) Path to a custom kivy-ios folder
#ios.kivy_ios_dir = ../kivy-ios
# Alternately,specify the URL and branch of a git checkout:
ios.kivy_ios_url = https://github.com/kivy/kivy-ios
ios.kivy_ios_branch = master
# Another platform dependency: ios-deploy
# Uncomment to use a custom checkout
#ios.ios_deploy_dir = ../ios_deploy
# Or specify URL and branch
ios.ios_deploy_url = https://github.com/phonegap/ios-deploy
ios.ios_deploy_branch = 1.10.0
# (bool) Whether or not to sign the code
ios.codesign.allowed = false
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the debug version
# Get a list of available identities: buildozer ios list_identities
#ios.codesign.debug = "iPhone Developer: <lastname> <firstname> (<hexstring>)"
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the release version
#ios.codesign.release = %(ios.codesign.debug)s
[buildozer]
# (int) Log level (0 = error only,1 = info,2 = debug (with command output))
log_level = 2
# (int) Display warning if buildozer is run as root (0 = False,1 = True)
warn_on_root = 1
# (str) Path to build artifact storage,absolute or relative to spec file
# build_dir = ./.buildozer
# (str) Path to build output (i.e. .apk,.ipa) storage
# bin_dir = ./bin
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# List as sections
#
# You can define all the "list" as [section:key].
# Each line will be considered as a option to the list.
# Let's take [app] / source.exclude_patterns.
# Instead of doing:
#
#[app]
#source.exclude_patterns = license,data/audio/*.wav,data/images/original/*
#
# This can be translated into:
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns]
#license
#data/audio/*.wav
#data/images/original/*
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Profiles
#
# You can extend section / key with a profile
# For example,you want to deploy a demo version of your application without
# HD content. You could first change the title to add "(demo)" in the name
# and extend the excluded directories to remove the HD content.
#
#[app@demo]
#title = My Application (demo)
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns@demo]
#images/hd/*
#
# Then,invoke the command line with the "demo" profile:
#
#buildozer --profile demo android debug
# (list) python-for-android whitelist
android.p4a_whitelist = lib-dynload/termios.so
“projectFolder”/intent-filter.xml
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_DEVICE_ATTACHED"
android:resource="@xml/device_filter" />
“projectFolder”/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/dists/myapp_armeabi-v7a/src/main/res/xml/device_filter.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<!-- <usb-device vendor-id="YOUR VID" product-id="YOUR PID" /> -->
<usb-device />
</resources>
"projectFolder"/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/dists/myapp_armeabi-v7a/templates/AndroidManifest.tmpl.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- Replace org.libsdl.app with the identifier of your game below,e.g.
com.gamemaker.game
-->
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="{{ args.package }}"
android:versionCode="{{ args.numeric_version }}"
android:versionName="{{ args.version }}"
android:installLocation="auto">
<supports-screens
android:smallScreens="true"
android:normalScreens="true"
android:largeScreens="true"
android:anyDensity="true"
{% if args.min_sdk_version >= 9 %}
android:xlargeScreens="true"
{% endif %}
/>
<!-- Android 2.3.3 -->
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="{{ args.min_sdk_version }}" android:targetSdkVersion="{{ android_api }}" />
<!-- OpenGL ES 2.0 -->
<uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00020000" />
<!-- USB OTG -->
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.usb.host" />
<!-- Allow writing to external storage -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
{% for perm in args.permissions %}
{% if '.' in perm %}
<uses-permission android:name="{{ perm }}" />
{% else %}
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.{{ perm }}" />
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{% if args.wakelock %}
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
{% endif %}
{% if args.billing_pubkey %}
<uses-permission android:name="com.android.vending.BILLING" />
{% endif %}
{{ args.extra_manifest_xml }}
<!-- Create a Java class extending SDLActivity and place it in a
directory under src matching the package,e.g.
src/com/gamemaker/game/MyGame.java
then replace "SDLActivity" with the name of your class (e.g. "MyGame")
in the XML below.
An example Java class can be found in README-android.txt
-->
<application android:label="@string/app_name"
{% if debug %}android:debuggable="true"{% endif %}
android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:allowBackup="{{ args.allow_backup }}"
android:theme="{{args.android_apptheme}}{% if not args.window %}.Fullscreen{% endif %}"
android:hardwareAccelerated="true" >
{% for l in args.android_used_libs %}
<uses-library android:name="{{ l }}" />
{% endfor %}
{% for m in args.meta_data %}
<meta-data android:name="{{ m.split('=',1)[0] }}" android:value="{{ m.split('=',1)[-1] }}"/>{% endfor %}
<meta-data android:name="wakelock" android:value="{% if args.wakelock %}1{% else %}0{% endif %}"/>
<activity android:name="{{args.android_entrypoint}}"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:configChanges="mcc|mnc|locale|touchscreen|keyboard|keyboardHidden|navigation|orientation|screenLayout|fontScale|uiMode{% if args.min_sdk_version >= 8 %}|uiMode{% endif %}{% if args.min_sdk_version >= 13 %}|screenSize|smallestScreenSize{% endif %}{% if args.min_sdk_version >= 17 %}|layoutDirection{% endif %}{% if args.min_sdk_version >= 24 %}|density{% endif %}"
android:screenOrientation="{{ args.orientation }}"
{% if args.activity_launch_mode %}
android:launchMode="{{ args.activity_launch_mode }}"
{% endif %}
>
{% if args.launcher %}
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="org.kivy.LAUNCH" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:scheme="{{ url_scheme }}" />
</intent-filter>
{% else %}
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
{% endif %}
{%- if args.intent_filters -%}
{{- args.intent_filters -}}
{%- endif -%}
</activity>
{% if args.launcher %}
<activity android:name="org.kivy.android.launcher.ProjectChooser"
android:icon="@drawable/icon"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
{% endif %}
{% if service or args.launcher %}
<service android:name="org.kivy.android.PythonService"
android:process=":pythonservice" />
{% endif %}
{% for name in service_names %}
<service android:name="{{ args.package }}.Service{{ name|capitalize }}"
android:process=":service_{{ name }}" />
{% endfor %}
{% for name in native_services %}
<service android:name="{{ name }}" />
{% endfor %}
{% if args.billing_pubkey %}
<service android:name="org.kivy.android.billing.BillingReceiver"
android:process=":pythonbilling" />
<receiver android:name="org.kivy.android.billing.BillingReceiver"
android:process=":pythonbillingreceiver">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.android.vending.billing.IN_APP_NOTIFY" />
<action android:name="com.android.vending.billing.RESPONSE_CODE" />
<action android:name="com.android.vending.billing.PURCHASE_STATE_CHANGED" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
{% endif %}
{% for a in args.add_activity %}
<activity android:name="{{ a }}"></activity>
{% endfor %}
</application>
</manifest>
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