如何解决在 ARM bigLITTLE 上运行 gem5 完整系统时出错
我在 ubuntu 18.04.5 上安装了 gem5。如果我运行一个通用的 fs.py ARM 架构，那么无论我使用什么配置，模拟都可以正常启动。例如：
./build/ARM/gem5.opt configs/example/fs.py --kernel=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/fs_imgs/binaries/vmlinux.arm64
--disk-image=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/fs_imgs/disks/aarch32-ubuntu-natty-headless.img
我按照多个教程在 ARM bigLITTLE 架构中以完整系统模式运行 gem5，但没有一个成功。我尝试了不同的磁盘映像文件、内核和引导脚本组合，但没有成功。有些给出内核恐慌错误，有些给出：
[ 0.199882] init: hwclock main process (592) terminated with status 1
例如，如果我使用命令（在 http://www.gem5.org/assets/files/ASPLOS2017_gem5_tutorial.pdf 中提供）：
./build/ARM/gem5.opt configs/example/arm/fs_bigLITTLE.py --kernel=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/linux-arm-gem5/vmlinux
--cpu-type=atomic --dtb=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/system/arm/dt/armv8_gem5_v1_big_little_2_4.dtb --disk=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/fs_imgs/disks/aarch64-ubuntu-trusty-headless.img
那么输出是
==== m5 terminal: Terminal 0 ====
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[ 0.000000] Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
[ 0.000000] Linux version 4.4.0+ (ting-bazinga@tingbazinga-Alienware-17-R5) (gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu/Linaro 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) ) #1 SMP PREEMPT Fri Mar 5 00:17:28 CST 2021
[ 0.000000] Boot CPU: AArch64 Processor [410fd070]
[ 0.000000] earlycon: Early serial console at MMIO 0x1c090000 (options '')
[ 0.000000] bootconsole [uart0] enabled
[ 0.000000] Memory limited to 2048MB
[ 0.000000] cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x00000000ff000000
[ 0.000000] On node 0 totalpages: 524288
[ 0.000000] DMA zone: 8192 pages used for memmap
[ 0.000000] DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
[ 0.000000] DMA zone: 524288 pages,LIFO batch:31
[ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded 15 pages/cpu @ffffffc07efc9000 s23704 r8192 d29544 u61440
[ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s23704 r8192 d29544 u61440 alloc=15*4096
[ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1
[ 0.000000] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU0
[ 0.000000] CPU features: enabling workaround for ARM erratum 832075
[ 0.000000] CPU features: enabling workaround for ARM erratum 834220
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists in Zone order,mobility grouping on. Total pages: 516096
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: earlyprintk earlycon=pl011,0x1c090000 console=ttyAMA0 lpj=19988480 norandmaps loglevel=8 mem=2GB root=/dev/vda1 rw init=/sbin/init vmalloc=768MB
[ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3,32768 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 262144 (order: 9,2097152 bytes)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 131072 (order: 8,1048576 bytes)
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB [mem 0xf8a00000-0xfca00000] (64MB) mapped at [ffffffc078a00000-ffffffc07c9fffff]
[ 0.000000] Memory: 1970336K/2097152K available (5478K kernel code,138K rwdata,1760K rodata,236K init,239K bss,110432K reserved,16384K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
[ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xffffff8000000000 - 0xffffffbdbfff0000 ( 246 GB)
[ 0.000000] vmemmap : 0xffffffbdc0000000 - 0xffffffbfc0000000 ( 8 GB maximum)
[ 0.000000] 0xffffffbdc2000000 - 0xffffffbdc4000000 ( 32 MB actual)
[ 0.000000] fixed : 0xffffffbffa7fd000 - 0xffffffbffac00000 ( 4108 KB)
[ 0.000000] PCI I/O : 0xffffffbffae00000 - 0xffffffbffbe00000 ( 16 MB)
[ 0.000000] modules : 0xffffffbffc000000 - 0xffffffc000000000 ( 64 MB)
[ 0.000000] memory : 0xffffffc000000000 - 0xffffffc080000000 ( 2048 MB)
[ 0.000000] .init : 0xffffffc000793000 - 0xffffffc0007ce000 ( 236 KB)
[ 0.000000] .text : 0xffffffc000080000 - 0xffffffc000792a04 ( 7243 KB)
[ 0.000000] .data : 0xffffffc0007e1000 - 0xffffffc000803b60 ( 139 KB)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64,Order=0-3,MinObjects=0,CPUs=2,Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] Preemptible hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] Build-time adjustment of leaf fanout to 64.
[ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=256 to nr_cpu_ids=2.
[ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=64,nr_cpu_ids=2
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS:64 nr_irqs:64 0
[ 0.000000] clk_gem5_energy_ctrl: No cpu-map in DT! Falling back to old detection method!
[ 0.000000] clk_gem5_energy_ctrl: No clusters in DT! Falling back to using CPU topology!
[ 0.000000] Architected cp15 and mmio timer(s) running at 25.16MHz (virt/virt).
[ 0.000000] clocksource: arch_sys_counter: mask: 0xffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x5cdd39714,max_idle_ns: 440795202620 ns
[ 0.000001] sched_clock: 56 bits at 25MHz,resolution 39ns,wraps every 4398046511084ns
[ 0.000053] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[ 0.000057] Calibrating delay loop (skipped) preset value.. 9994.24 BogoMIPS (lpj=19988480)
[ 0.000062] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.000088] Mount-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3,32768 bytes)
[ 0.000092] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3,32768 bytes)
[ 0.000283] ASID allocator initialised with 256 entries
[ 0.032000] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU1
[ 0.032015] CPU1: Booted secondary processor [410fd070]
[ 0.032030] Brought up 2 CPUs
[ 0.032037] SMP: Total of 2 processors activated.
[ 0.032040] CPU features: detected feature: Privileged Access Never
[ 0.032046] CPU: All CPU(s) started at EL1
[ 0.032053] alternatives: patching kernel code
[ 0.032426] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.033559] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff,max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
[ 0.033792] atomic64_test: passed
[ 0.034739] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.072492] vdso: 2 pages (1 code @ ffffffc0007e9000,1 data @ ffffffc0007e8000)
[ 0.072503] hw-breakpoint: found 16 breakpoint and 16 watchpoint registers.
[ 0.072876] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic allocations
[ 0.072881] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
[ 0.073000] /rtc@1c170000: could not find phandle
[ 0.073004] ERROR: could not get clock /rtc@1c170000:apb_pclk(0)
[ 0.073009] of_amba_device_create(): amba_device_add() failed (-2) for /rtc@1c170000
[ 0.073053] of_amba_device_create(): amba_device_add() failed (-2) for /watchdog@2a490000
[ 0.073097] of_amba_device_create(): amba_device_add() failed (-2) for /watchdog@2b060000
[ 0.073141] /watchdog@1c0f0000: could not find phandle
[ 0.073144] ERROR: could not get clock /watchdog@1c0f0000:apb_pclk(1)
[ 0.073149] of_amba_device_create(): amba_device_add() failed (-2) for /watchdog@1c0f0000
[ 0.073680] 1c090000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x1c090000 (irq = 12,base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev3
[ 0.073685] console [ttyAMA0] enabled
[ 0.073685] console [ttyAMA0] enabled
[ 0.073689] bootconsole [uart0] disabled
[ 0.073689] bootconsole [uart0] disabled
[ 0.074091] 1c0a0000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1c0a0000 (irq = 13,base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev3
[ 0.074282] 1c0b0000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1c0b0000 (irq = 14,base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev3
[ 0.074481] 1c0c0000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1c0c0000 (irq = 15,base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev3
[ 0.074626] of_amba_device_create(): amba_device_add() failed (-2) for /kmi@1c070000
[ 0.074669] of_amba_device_create(): amba_device_add() failed (-2) for /kmi@1c060000
[ 0.096153] vgaarb: loaded
[ 0.096283] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.100053] libata version 3.00 loaded.
[ 0.100155] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.100181] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.100200] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.100247] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 0.100251] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 0.100264] PTP clock support registered
[ 0.100616] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arch_sys_counter
[ 0.104724] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 0.104888] TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5,131072 bytes)
[ 0.104976] TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 6,262144 bytes)
[ 0.105071] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
[ 0.105089] UDP hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3,32768 bytes)
[ 0.105111] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3,32768 bytes)
[ 0.105175] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 0.105271] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 0.105274] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 0.105278] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 0.105281] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 0.105287] PCI: CLS 0 bytes,default 128
[ 0.105477] kvm [1]: HYP mode not available
[ 0.105757] futex hash table entries: 512 (order: 4,65536 bytes)
[ 0.105956] HugeTLB registered 2 MB page size,pre-allocated 0 pages
[ 0.115434] fuse init (API version 7.23)
[ 0.115945] io scheduler noop registered
[ 0.116020] io scheduler cfq registered (default)
[ 0.116127] PCI host bridge /pci ranges:
[ 0.116131] No bus range found for /pci,using [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.116138] IO 0x2f000000..0x2f00ffff -> 0x00000000
[ 0.116144] MEM 0x40000000..0x7fffffff -> 0x00000000
[ 0.117325] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[ 0.117331] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.117336] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0xffff]
[ 0.117342] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x40000000-0x7fffffff] (bus address [0x00000000-0x3fffffff])
[ 0.117348] pci_bus 0000:00: scanning bus
[ 0.117356] pci 0000:00:01.0: [1af4:1000] type 00 class 0xff0000
[ 0.117363] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x10: [io 0x0000-0x001f]
[ 0.117374] pci 0000:00:01.0: reg 0x30: [mem 0x40000000-0x400007ff pref]
[ 0.117463] pci_bus 0000:00: fixups for bus
[ 0.117467] pci_bus 0000:00: bus scan returning with max=00
[ 0.117478] pci 0000:00:01.0: fixup irq: got 19
[ 0.117482] pci 0000:00:01.0: assigning IRQ 19
[ 0.117489] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 6: assigned [mem 0x40000000-0x400007ff pref]
[ 0.117495] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 0: assigned [io 0x1000-0x101f]
[ 0.117603] virtio-pci 0000:00:01.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0001)
[ 0.117609] virtio-pci 0000:00:01.0: virtio_pci: leaving for legacy driver
[ 0.117615] virtio-pci 0000:00:01.0: enabling bus mastering
[ 0.119296] Serial: 8250/16550 driver,4 ports,IRQ sharing disabled
[ 0.124177] vda: vda1
[ 0.128799] e1000: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 7.3.21-k8-NAPI
[ 0.128803] e1000: Copyright (c) 1999-2006 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.128834] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k
[ 0.128838] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.128869] igb: Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver - version 5.3.0-k
[ 0.128873] igb: Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.128905] ixgbe: Intel(R) 10 Gigabit PCI Express Network Driver - version 4.2.1-k
[ 0.128909] ixgbe: Copyright (c) 1999-2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.128944] ixgbevf: Intel(R) 10 Gigabit PCI Express Virtual Function Network Driver - version 2.12.1-k
[ 0.128948] ixgbevf: Copyright (c) 2009 - 2012 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.128980] i40e: Intel(R) Ethernet Connection XL710 Network Driver - version 1.3.46-k
[ 0.128984] i40e: Copyright (c) 2013 - 2014 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.129017] ixgb: Intel(R) PRO/10GbE Network Driver - version 1.0.135-k2-NAPI
[ 0.129021] ixgb: Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.129053] i40evf: Intel(R) XL710/X710 Virtual Function Network Driver - version 1.3.33
[ 0.129057] Copyright (c) 2013 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.129267] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 0.129408] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[ 0.133710] gem5 DVFS handler is disabled
[ 0.133713] gem5-energy-ctrl loaded at ffffff800007c000
[ 0.133717] gem5_energy_ctrl_mc: gem5_mc_init: DVFS handler in energy controller is disabled,ARM gem5 multi-cluster cpufreq driver will not be registered
[ 0.134007] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 0.134011] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 0.134079] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 0.138928] EXT4-fs (vda1): couldn't mount as ext3 due to feature incompatibilities
[ 0.143482] EXT4-fs (vda1): mounted filesystem without journal. Opts: (null)
[ 0.143490] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 254:1.
[ 0.143795] devtmpfs: mounted
[ 0.143836] Freeing unused kernel memory: 236K (ffffffc000793000 - ffffffc0007ce000)
[ 0.143846] Freeing alternatives memory: 52K (ffffffc0007ce000 - ffffffc0007db000)
Mount failed for selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux: No such file or directory
[ 0.184933] random: init urandom read with 6 bits of entropy available
[ 0.199882] init: hwclock main process (592) terminated with status 1
谁能帮我解决这个问题？我找不到任何可以成功启动 bigLITTLE arm 模拟的配置。有没有人能够做到这一点？
仅供参考，我发现我下载的 fs_bigLITTLE.py 与其他人提供的不同。一些教程使用没有 --kernel 选项的命令，但我的说：
fs_bigLITTLE.py: error: argument --kernel is required
解决方法
我发现你的命令行有问题：
./build/ARM/gem5.opt configs/example/arm/fs_bigLITTLE.py \
--kernel=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/linux-arm-gem5/vmlinux
--cpu-type=atomic \
--dtb=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/system/arm/dt/armv8_gem5_v1_big_little_2_4.dtb \
--disk=/home/ting-bazinga/gem5/fs_imgs/disks/aarch64-ubuntu-trusty-headless.img
fs_bigLITTLE 默认使用 1 个小核心和 1 个大核心，而您使用的 DTB 假设有 2 个大核心和 4 个小核心。删除 --dtb 选项应该可以正常工作（依赖 DTB 自动生成）。 另一个选项是将命令行与 dtb 对齐（使用 --big-cpus 和 --little-cpus 选项）
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