比特币在python中验证单个块

如何解决比特币在python中验证单个块

目前我尝试自己验证比特币区块 77504。但是从 satoshi 白皮书看来，我的问题比答案要多。

来自上一个块的第一个信息：

### What we know from last block ###
# height         = 77503
# id             = 00000000000447829abff59b3208a08ff28b3eb184b1298929abe6dd65c3578a
# version        = 1
# timestamp      = 1283325019
# bits           = 459874456
# nonce          = 1839166754
# difficulty     = 623.3869598689275
# merkle_root    = f18107935e8853011e477244241b5d786966495f8c59be46c92ac323c9cc8cde
# tx_count       = 6
# size           = 1438
# weight         = 5752

然后是我要验证的区块信息

### What we now want to mine ###
# height         = 77504
# id             = 00000000004582246e63ff7e0760c6f009e5ef5ce1eb5397be6f3eb9d698bda5
# version        = 1
# timestamp      = 1283326637
# bits           = 459874456
# nonce          = 191169021
# difficulty     = 623.3869598689275
# merkle_root    = 59c77dabd9f005c771b23b846c79c7741dc0e70d912f9470eace886b42a0d601
# tx_count       = 44
# size           = 11052
# weight         = 44208
# txids          = ["b899c55adb5a9604b72643c0f6cd5bf6c2447bb0fc035c50e13d2e471cbf5aa5","05180e3252c48a54d4d0abe9359621f54f3031fd318a812be96da0f13bfa8bf3","29d641bd4a5d4b01ceee1126af920513d52e088bad500fad1358c96962e25e28","40d52b5aa4be889739410f82f36c71fdda554b999fb14fc12aeab5bb2e6498cb","62d5e84500cc674a5172bea5755a223da974f90f614deb45c160478a8974419c","78de7a104617f58620ae9e7cf58bcd875d8043ee5046d93c9d69224c2ae39a1e","8831ad38deb23e1fbea6d376f1805aec194760b0f334a3c4b623aa0751445c9b","8a6bd0c2d74ea785d886bd6d87b6a4eb4cd35af5fb7ae3a364eb1f76b114c375","90d6da6a4b48e7330ae926cd00623fa8d94fd0a2b9a001475da22cbc49435ff9","d002da9953844c767cf7d42092b81e8c5bb03baf520d79028013fd3400bc8651","d1f8573148126e8d17641276f22ece33b8276311d93794ed2975ebb802b98fc8","d22ed765adba9c7f5fef19ff15cb89559b4148d571fcb40ee2889231ac1b8dea","f32b000adf9ab6d7a66593cb20cba4d3a3e0cbb3453608ce11a780fab532add5","32d2ff811677a8dbed4f317c9fcae4796b491bde944cca4a993734be787b4e79","4b806d44d9aff762601f21ad541c0e99a77d0a14b730774a2d7721dd094d9030","8c5258a8e3f60c9edfa55b86780a9832c8cd5f407dbe25948cd2fd87910ca4c4","bc4fcea23cd93bac13ab75bad8d23576be88a89e72f2c455932f096d6dd2a2da","ca5c53ef34ff5a2f816daf648c8dafb01680502c2c0c98b82b9527392f707e70","f9db6e9a62502dfe8057e7b1c0f3b8f145d354ee4e341233bfe8861fff143822","fc3730bbfa443558c677da6898f106ee7d5516b14e21bf369def7cb6a5bf6b8b","1cfa85d94ebfb9206ad49f421319a6ee99b339e4e8d292b866459bb742731d83","80fa7f38cc02b05b765675adba589d426e6122b1e8158726df0c55cf44c937eb","8c72683585901ff96edd14bde9c87ee91a9d54c187a15aa333e3d6b916399fd2","905e015afa4df7d9dc4a1a80a029e469258045fe9288071b16af49a2f458c2cb","bd8fab0ca0072cd230a4bb0a6efff5964756a023ca53d1f06c3fa22800fe044c","464280d62b8965255c286f1c4c5c457f594db64bdef1c8aaa7ddf776fc4d320e","625b8ec5af9ad2c1506aca8ad61670ce3acf7070fe5aabc2dec06dcda119503a","a2e06f6b0ea68cc2c9bf44d09e54832c830971961ed8ea5ec553918ab7eb48d2","a4de41f56f0970d9b1948f1e386a124860891d790f506c2e3bbe71dd289031d4","11475d2fbbc5e3aee2eff54aa9bf2f83d5f33fffce528cc9804f820e0f6a76e7","5dc019a6397c25d0e7db56f3ed2ccdc1db5642701224d56fb9ad1d1017279e7b","e5d1e0e5a2309cb07ec522a1eb56da5aa5e58ecaea6d49e278a52c1c24230dae","21d192ea46007dbeef7c9673ac158c0f9dbf80e0785380ae562a1fbb10430ae7","8fafe7a8168563c4c186d792b49fc0fa4368c6b2e5a1217f2f98b127ff1cdf87","d2410a45bcc0e4f5b7a8d84e730ffd9744e0dd0d9fb2d7e93fb71e590bf0f1fb","6103334a35171bc5a153b51dd7c94977c62822b1cec2fcac20ea9d0a959129d7","6551831774420989df2d9deeab196e14025f2e5fd502feb86dfc7ccedb917ce0","7c1a188e0c94c7d61aea1ebddb359f508c99fdd0e028887bbf3a3036a1b5bf8a","8b9c989cee69c107697b13aebd677879db48275c089ae206c85eb8db45acf50f","4195c5abf97adb2108de8aeee99cb751e2b4f9698607f60e326b9a67b9127a31","800b308f49fe86ff3323dd6240190212626d052a017dd1cad01540790604c00f","1d2fb37bab59d6f3f83f7596fde128a0b7b0f7ccd8fabc8d2a929923a268a847","8a8149d58791ace6cefd803021b4e870acca5b2c40e2e1415f423e6ec4333e32","7a1eb6b8ee1ff52648cd9a099c7658be53627732b226aa93f56d430c85a52991"]

我准备了一个小脚本，可以为我计算它，但无论如何我都无法获得目标哈希 00000000004582246e63ff7e0760c6f009e5ef5ce1eb5397be6f3eb9d698bda5 来验证开采的区块。我也不清楚人们必须在哪里添加自己的比特币钱包才能获得交易奖励。

from hashlib import sha256

def SHA256(text):
    return sha256(text.encode("ascii")).hexdigest()

def mine(block_number,transactions,previous_hash,prefix_zeros):
    prefix_str = '0'*prefix_zeros
    text = str(block_number) + str(transactions) + str(previous_hash) + str(nonce_to_verify)
    new_hash = SHA256(text)
    if new_hash.startswith(prefix_str):
        print(f"Jipiiii! Successfully mined bitcoins with nonce value:{nonce_to_verify}")
        return new_hash
    else:
        new_hash = None
        return new_hash

### normally this is unknown,would be somethinge like range(0,100000000000),i just want to verify a block ###
nonce_to_verify = 191169021

 ### In what format are transactions presented ? ###
transactions = ["b899c55adb5a9604b72643c0f6cd5bf6c2447bb0fc035c50e13d2e471cbf5aa5","7a1eb6b8ee1ff52648cd9a099c7658be53627732b226aa93f56d430c85a52991"]

### Just a check of 5 leading zeros... but why the difficulty 623.3869598689275 how to get to the 11 zeros? ###
difficulty=11

### Last Block (77503) found ###
lastfoundblock = "00000000000447829abff59b3208a08ff28b3eb184b1298929abe6dd65c3578a"


print("start mining")
new_hash = mine(77504,lastfoundblock,difficulty)
print("finnished mining.")
print(f"Found block is: {new_hash} should be the same as 00000000004582246e63ff7e0760c6f009e5ef5ce1eb5397be6f3eb9d698bda5")

将不胜感激，以便我可以验证单个块。已经指出正确的方向将不胜感激，这样我就可以解决我的问题。

解决方法

因为没有人能够回答它......这里是验证一个块的随机数的代码：

import hashlib,struct,binascii
from time import time

def get_target_str(bits):
    # https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Difficulty
    exp = bits >> 24
    mant = bits & 0xffffff
    target_hexstr = '%064x' % (mant * (1<<(8*(exp - 3))))
    print(f'T: {target_hexstr}')
    
    target_str = bytes.fromhex(target_hexstr)
    return target_str

def verify_nonce(version,prev_block,mrkl_root,timestamp,bits_difficulty,nonce):
    
    target_str = get_target_str(bits_difficulty)
    header = ( struct.pack("<L",version) + 
              bytes.fromhex(prev_block)[::-1] +
              bytes.fromhex(mrkl_root)[::-1] +
              struct.pack("<LLL",nonce))
    hash_result = hashlib.sha256(hashlib.sha256(header).digest()).digest()

    return bytes.hex(hash_result[::-1])
    #nonce += 1


test1_version = 0x3fff0000
test1_prev_block = "0000000000000000000140ac4688aea45aacbe7caf6aaca46f16acd93e1064c3"
test1_merkle_root = "422458fced12693312058f6ee4ada19f6df8b29d8cac425c12f4722e0dc4aafd"
test1_timestamp = 0x5E664C76
test1_bits_diff = 0x17110119
test1_nonce1 = 538463288 #(0x20184C38)
test1_block_hash = "0000000000000000000d493c3c1b91c8059c6b0838e7e68fbcf8f8382606b82c"
test1_calc_block_hash = verify_nonce(test1_version,test1_prev_block,test1_merkle_root,test1_timestamp,test1_bits_diff,test1_nonce1)
print(f'S: {test1_block_hash}')
print(f'R: {test1_calc_block_hash}')
if test1_block_hash == test1_calc_block_hash:
    print("hashing is correct")

感谢https://github.com/razvancazacu/bitcoin-mining-crypto