使用 Python 3“请求”包访问具有 IP V6 地址的 Web 服务器：适用于 W10，不适用于 Rasberry Pi OS

如何解决使用 Python 3“请求”包访问具有 IP V6 地址的 Web 服务器：适用于 W10，不适用于 Rasberry Pi OS

我们有一个目前正在开发的设备，我们想测试它的不同功能和协议。其中一项功能是该设备具有嵌入式 HTTP(S) 服务器，我们希望在更改设备源代码时执行回归测试。为此，我们使用 Jenkins 和 Raspberry Pi 4 (4 GB) 作为从属设备，使用 PyTest 作为测试框架，尽管我们的开发环境是使用 Windows 10 完成的。

我们注意到一个问题：当尝试连接到 RPi 上具有 IP V6 地址的设备 HTTP 服务器时，我们收到“[Errno 22] Invalid argument”错误。

我们将测试减少到最小的 Python 3 脚本，但无济于事：相同的脚本适用于 Windows 10，但不适用于 RPi。

脚本如下：

import os
import requests

ipv6_address = 'fe80::211:ff:fe4c:e565'

os.environ['no_proxy'] = 'localhost,foobar.com,192.168.10.*,{},[{}]'.format(ipv6_address,ipv6_address)

r = requests.get('https://[{}]/'.format(ipv6_address),verify=False,timeout=5)

print(r.status_code)
print(r.headers)
print(r.url)

以下是 Windows 10（版本 2004 19041.867）的结果：

$ python --version
Python 3.7.7

$ python ~/test_req.py
C:\Python37-32\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py:1020: InsecureRequestWarning: Unverified HTTPS request is being made to host 'fe80::211:ff:fe4c:e565'. Adding certificate verification is strongly advised. See: https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  InsecureRequestWarning,200
{'Server': '','Connection': 'Keep-Alive','Keep-Alive': '','Persist': '','Content-Type': 'text/html','Content-Length': '1429','Last-Modified': 'FRI JUL 07 16:43:06 2017','Etag': '"21D47F50-00000595-595FBA1A"'}
https://[fe80::211:ff:fe4c:e565]/

Raspberry Pi 的结果（Linux raspberrypi 5.4.83-v7l-ALADDIN+ #1 SMP Tue Feb 9 14:23:45 CET 2021 armv7l GNU/Linux）： [注意：我们已经从默认内核配置中为 Ixxat SocketCAN 驱动程序编译了特定版本的 Linux，除了名称]

$ python3 --version
Python 3.7.3

$ python3 ~/test_req.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connection.py",line 159,in _new_conn
    (self._dns_host,self.port),self.timeout,**extra_kw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py",line 80,in create_connection
    raise err
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/util/connection.py",line 70,in create_connection
    sock.connect(sa)
OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument

During handling of the above exception,another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py",line 600,in urlopen
    chunked=chunked)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py",line 343,in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py",line 841,in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connection.py",line 301,in connect
    conn = self._new_conn()
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connection.py",line 168,in _new_conn
    self,"Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e)
urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0xb6369c30>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 22] Invalid argument

During handling of the above exception,another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.py",line 449,in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/connectionpool.py",line 638,in urlopen
    _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py",line 398,in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool,url,error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='fe80::211:ff:fe4c:e565',port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0xb6369c30>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 22] Invalid argument'))

During handling of the above exception,another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/pi/test_req.py",line 9,in <module>
    r = requests.get('https://[{}]/'.format(ipv6_address),timeout=5)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/api.py",line 76,in get
    return request('get',params=params,**kwargs)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/api.py",line 61,in request
    return session.request(method=method,url=url,**kwargs)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py",line 542,in request
    resp = self.send(prep,**send_kwargs)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/sessions.py",line 655,in send
    r = adapter.send(request,**kwargs)
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/requests/adapters.py",line 516,in send
    raise ConnectionError(e,request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='fe80::211:ff:fe4c:e565',port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: / (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0xb6369c30>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 22] Invalid argument'))

我们想知道是否有人知道这个“无效参数”错误的来源。