Centos6.6升级Python与安装ipython、pip小结

CentOS6.6自带的Python版本为2.6.6，想给他升级一下，安装Python2.7.9

一、准备安装包

wgethttps://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py#下载setuptools和pip
wgethttps://pypi.python.org/packages/source/i/ipython/ipython-3.1.0.tar.gz#下载ipython
wgethttps://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.9/Python-2.7.9.tar.xz#下载python

二、安装依赖包

安装readline-devel，使python安装完成后支持退格；安装gcc，否则配置时会报错，导致无法安装；还有一些扩展模块

yum-yinstallreadline-devel
yum-yinstallgcc
yum-yinstallzlib-developenssl-develsqlite-devel

三、安装python2.7.9

由于下载的python包为xz格式的，所以解压tar.xz文件需要先xz -d xxx.tar.xz,再tar zvf命令将xxx.tar解包

xz-dPython-2.7.9.tar.xz
tarxvfPython-2.7.9.tar
cdPython-2.7.9
./configure--prefix=/usr/local/python
make&&makeinstall
mv/usr/bin/python/usr/bin/python2.6.6#把之前版本的python重命名
ln-sv/usr/local/python/bin/python2.7/usr/bin/python
[root@MidApp~]#python
Python2.7.9(default,Nov222017,09:37:44)
[GCC4.4.720120313(RedHat4.4.7-18)]onlinux2
Type"help","copyright","credits"or"license"formoreinformation.
>>>importssl
>>>

四、安装ipython

也完全可以先安装pip，再使用pip install ipython 安装ipython

tarzxvfipython-3.1.0.tar.gz
cdipython-3.1.0
pythonsetup.pybuild
pythonsetup.pyinstall
ln-sv/usr/local/python/bin/ipython/usr/bin/ipython
[root@MidApp~]#ipython
WARNING:IPythonHistoryrequiresSQLite,yourhistorywillnotbesaved
Python2.7.9(default,09:37:44)
Type"copyright","credits"or"license"formoreinformation.

IPython3.1.0--AnenhancedInteractivePython.
?->IntroductionandoverviewofIPython'sfeatures.
%quickref->Quickreference.
help->Python'sownhelpsystem.
object?->Detailsabout'object',use'object??'forextradetails.

In[1]:importsys

In[2]:3+2
Out[2]:5
In[3]:

五、安装setuptools和pip

命令行里直接下面执行命令就行

pythonget-pip.py
[root@MidApp~]#piplist
ipython(3.1.0)
numpy(1.13.3)
pip(9.0.1)
setuptools(37.0.0)
wheel(0.30.0)

六、我在这里遇到了几个坑，很麻烦：

1、安装pip时，遇到zipimport.ZipImportError: can’t decompress data这种错误

解决方法：

vimPython-2.7.9/Modules/Setup

找到下面地方，去掉注释

zlibzlibmodule.c-I$(prefix)/include-L$(exec_prefix)/lib-lz

然后再使用

make&&makeinstall

重新编译一下python

2、再次安装pip时遇到下列错误：

pipisconfiguredwithlocationsthatrequireTLS/SSL,howeverthesslmoduleinPythonisnotavailable.
Collectingsix
CouldnotfetchURL
https://pypi.python.org/simple/six/:
Therewasaproblemconfirmingthesslcertificate:Can'tconnecttoHTTPSURLbecausetheSSLmoduleisnotavailable.-skipping
Couldnotfindaversionthatsatisfiestherequirementsix(fromversions:)
Nomatchingdistributionfoundforsix

解决方法：

vimPython-2.7.9/Modules/Setup

找到下面内容去掉注释，保存退出

SSL=/usr/local/ssl
_ssl_ssl.c\
-DUSE_SSL-I$(SSL)/include-I$(SSL)/include/openssl\
-L$(SSL)/lib-lssl-lcrypto

然后再使用

make&&makeinstall

3、安装完新的python版本之后，奇怪的发现yum命令不能使用了

解决方法：原来yum命令依赖于python环境，需要改一下yum所调用的python的路径变量。

[root@MidApp~]#whichyum
/usr/bin/yum
[root@MidApp~]#vim/usr/bin/yum

修改第一行：

#!/usr/bin/python2.6.6

再次使用yum命令，OK！