CentOS7——搭建LNMP环境(wordpress案例)
LNMP组成介绍
LNMP（Linux-Nginx-MysqL-PHP）网站架构是目前国际流行的Web框架，该框架包括：Linux操作系统，Nginx网络服务器，MysqL数据库，PHP编程语言，所有组成产品均是免费开源软件，这四种软件组合到一起，成为一个免费、高效的网站服务系统。
LNMP工作原理
浏览器发送http request请求到服务器（Nginx）,服务器响应并处理web请求。如果是静态文本直接返回，否则将脚本（PHP）通过接口传输协议（网关协议）PHP-FCGI（fast-cgi）传输给PHP-FPM（进程管理程序）,然后PHP-FPM调用PHP解析器的其中一个进程php-cgi来解析PHP脚本信息。【PHP-FPM在启动时启动了多个php-cgi子进程，并发执行。】然后将解析后的脚本返回到PHP-FPM，PHP-FPM再通过fast-cgi的形式将脚本信息传送给Nginx。服务器再通过Http response的形式传送给浏览器。浏览器再进行解析与渲染然后进行呈现。
wordpress介绍
wordpress 介绍 wordpress是一种使用PHP语言开发的博客平台，用户可以在支持PHP和MysqL 数据库的服务器上架设自己的网站。 也可以把wordpress 当作一个内容管理系统（CMS）来使用。 wordpress 是一个免费的开源项目，在GNU通用公共许可证下授权发布。
构建LNMP+wordpress案例
环境配置
关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld systemctl disable firewalld
临时关闭SELINUX
setenforce 0
永久关闭SELINUX
echo SELINUX=disabled>/etc/selinux/config echo SELINUXTYPE=targeted>>/etc/selinux/config
安装Nginx
cat << EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/Nginx.repo [Nginx-stable] name=Nginx stable repo baseurl=http://Nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=https://Nginx.org/keys/Nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true [Nginx-mainline] name=Nginx mainline repo baseurl=http://Nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=https://Nginx.org/keys/Nginx_signing.key module_hotfixes=true EOF
EPEL 源中的 Nginx.service 由于 KILL 参数问题，启动后无法停止，不建议使用。
安装Nginx
yum install -y Nginx
echo y|cp /etc/Nginx/Nginx.conf /etc/Nginx/Nginx.conf.default
cat << EOF > /etc/Nginx/Nginx.conf # For more information on configuration, see: # * Official English Documentation: http://Nginx.org/en/docs/ # * Official Russian Documentation: http://Nginx.org/ru/docs/ user Nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/Nginx/error.log warn; pid /var/run/Nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { worker_connections 65535; } http { include /etc/Nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$host $server_port $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $request_time $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/Nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; types_hash_max_size 2048; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; server_name_in_redirect off; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; client_max_body_size 50m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; send_timeout 3m; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 60; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffer_size 256k; proxy_buffers 4 256k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404; proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m; #让代理服务端不要主动关闭客户端的连接，协助处理499返回代码问题 proxy_ignore_client_abort on; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; index index.html index.htm index.PHP default.html default.htm default.PHP; # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/Nginx/conf.d directory. # See http://Nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include # for more information. include /etc/Nginx/conf.d/*.conf; } EOF
mkdir /etc/Nginx/conf.d cat << EOF > /etc/Nginx/conf.d/default.conf server { listen 80 default_server; listen [::]:80 default_server; server_name _; root /usr/share/Nginx/html; # Load configuration files for the default server block. include /etc/Nginx/default.d/*.conf; location / { } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /40x.html { } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { } } EOF
启动Nginx
systemctl start Nginx
增加开机启动
systemctl enable Nginx
查看Nginx状态
# systemctl status Nginx ● Nginx.service - Nginx - high performance web server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/Nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2020-05-25 05:50:22 EDT; 7s ago Docs: http://Nginx.org/en/docs/ CGroup: /system.slice/Nginx.service ├─1853 Nginx: master process /usr/sbin/Nginx -c /etc/Nginx/Nginx.conf └─1854 Nginx: worker process May 25 05:50:22 MysqL1 systemd[1]: Starting Nginx - high performance web server... May 25 05:50:22 MysqL1 systemd[1]: Can't open PID file /var/run/Nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directory May 25 05:50:22 MysqL1 systemd[1]: Started Nginx - high performance web server. # ss -antpl|grep Nginx LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("Nginx",pid=1854,fd=6),("Nginx",pid=1853,fd=6)) LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:* users:(("Nginx",pid=1854,fd=7),("Nginx",pid=1853,fd=7))
安装 MysqL
安装 MysqL
yum install -y mariadb-server
备份 my.cnf
cp /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.default
修改 my.cnf
cat << EOF > /etc/my.cnf [MysqLd] datadir=/var/lib/MysqL socket=/var/lib/MysqL/MysqL.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used. # If you need to run MysqLd under a different user or group, # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd max_allowed_packet=20M max_heap_table_size = 100M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M sort_buffer_size = 8M join_buffer_size = 8M tmp_table_size = 100M # 查询缓存 #query_cache_limit=4M #query_cache_type=on #query_cache_size=2G bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # 跳过主机名解析，比如localhost，foo.com之类，加速访问 skip-name-resolve # sql执行日志 general_log=off general_log_file=/var/log/mariadb/general.log # sql慢查询日志 slow_query_log=off slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log long_query_time = 5 max_connections = 1000 # 兼容老MysqL代码，比如使用空字符串代替NULL插入数据 sql_mode = "" [MysqLd_safe] log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid # # include all files from the config directory # !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d EOF
配置 MysqLdump 命令参数
sed -i '16 aquicknquote-namesnmax_allowed_packet = 100M' /etc/my.cnf.d/MysqL-clients.cnf
创建日志文件
touch /var/log/mariadb/general.log /var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log chown MysqL:MysqL /var/log/mariadb/general.log /var/log/mariadb/slowquery.log
增加开机启动
systemctl enable mariadb
启动 MysqL 服务
systemctl start mariadb
修改root密码
MysqLadmin -uroot password "000000"
查看 MysqL 服务状态
# systemctl status mariadb ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-29 14:18:12 CST; 1h 7min ago Process: 16688 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 16653 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 16687 (MysqLd_safe) CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service ├─16687 /bin/sh /usr/bin/MysqLd_safe --basedir=/usr └─17043 /usr/libexec/MysqLd --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/MysqL --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/MysqL/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.lo... Nov 29 14:18:10 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server... Nov 29 14:18:10 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ mariadb-prepare-db-dir[16653]: Database MariaDB is probably initialized in /var/lib/MysqL already, nothing is done. Nov 29 14:18:11 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ MysqLd_safe[16687]: 191129 14:18:11 MysqLd_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'. Nov 29 14:18:11 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ MysqLd_safe[16687]: 191129 14:18:11 MysqLd_safe Starting MysqLd daemon with databases from /var/lib/MysqL Nov 29 14:18:12 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server. # ss -antpl|grep MysqL LISTEN 0 50 127.0.0.1:3306 *:* users:(("MysqLd",pid=17043,fd=14))@H_419_146@安装 PHP7
增加SCL源
yum install -y centos-release-scl
安装PHP7.2
yum install -y rh-PHP72 rh-PHP72-PHP rh-PHP72-PHP-bcmath rh-PHP72-PHP-fpm rh-PHP72-PHP-gd rh-PHP72-PHP-intl rh-PHP72-PHP-mbstring rh-PHP72-PHP-MysqLnd rh-PHP72-PHP-opcache rh-PHP72-PHP-pdo rh-PHP72-PHP-pecl-apcu rh-PHP72-PHP-xmlrpc rh-PHP72-PHP-devel
进入 rh-PHP72 环境
scl enable rh-PHP72 bash
确认PHP状态
# PHP -v PHP 7.2.24 (cli) (built: Nov 4 2019 10:23:08) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies with Zend OPcache v7.2.24, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies
备份PHP.ini
cp /etc/opt/rh/rh-PHP72/PHP.ini /etc/opt/rh/rh-PHP72/PHP.ini.default
# 启用 '<? ... ?>' 代码风格 sed -i '197s/short_open_tag = Off/short_open_tag = On/' /etc/opt/rh/rh-PHP72/PHP.ini # 禁止一些危险性高的函数 sed -i '314s/disable_functions =/disable_functions = system,exec,shell_exec,passthru,set_time_limit,ini_alter,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,link,leak,popen,escapeshellcmd,virtual,socket_create,mail,eval/' /etc/opt/rh/rh-PHP72/PHP.ini # 配置中国时区 sed -i '902s#;date.timezone =#date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai#' /etc/opt/rh/rh-PHP72/PHP.ini
增加开机启动
systemctl enable rh-PHP72-PHP-fpm
启动 PHP-FPM 服务
systemctl start rh-PHP72-PHP-fpm
查看 PHP-FPM 服务状态
# systemctl status rh-PHP72-PHP-fpm ● rh-PHP72-PHP-fpm.service - The PHP FastCGI Process Manager Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/rh-PHP72-PHP-fpm.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-29 13:36:03 CST; 1h 56min ago Main PID: 15360 (PHP-fpm) Status: "Processes active: 0, idle: 6, Requests: 56, slow: 0, Traffic: 0req/sec" CGroup: /system.slice/rh-PHP72-PHP-fpm.service ├─15360 PHP-fpm: master process (/etc/opt/rh/rh-PHP72/PHP-fpm.conf) ├─15361 PHP-fpm: pool www ├─15362 PHP-fpm: pool www ├─15363 PHP-fpm: pool www ├─15364 PHP-fpm: pool www ├─15365 PHP-fpm: pool www └─17211 PHP-fpm: pool www Nov 29 13:36:03 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Starting The PHP FastCGI Process Manager... Nov 29 13:36:03 iZ6weebcmroarpx8rrxscrZ systemd[1]: Started The PHP FastCGI Process Manager. # ss -antpl|grep PHP-fpm LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:* users:(("PHP-fpm",pid=17211,fd=9),("PHP-fpm",pid=15365,fd=9),("PHP-fpm",pid=15364,fd=9),("PHP-fpm",pid=15363,fd=9),("PHP-fpm",pid=15362,fd=9),("PHP-fpm",pid=15361,fd=9),("PHP-fpm",pid=15360,fd=7))
LNMP 环境测试
MysqL -uroot -p000000 -e 'create database wordpress;grant all privileges on wordpress.* to wordpress@"localhost" identified by "wordpress_password";flush privileges;'
cat << EOF > /etc/Nginx/conf.d/wordpress.conf server{ listen 8080; server_name wordpress.com; root /data/web/wordpress.com; error_log /var/log/Nginx/wordpress.com_error.log; access_log /var/log/Nginx/wordpress.com_access.log main; location / { try_files $uri /index.PHP$is_args$query_string; } location ~ .PHP$ { root /data/web/wordpress.com; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.PHP; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } EOF # 重载Nginx配置 Nginx -t && Nginx -s reload
准备 wordpress
mkdir -p /data/web/wordpress.com # 使用 -O 参数指定保存文件名，会强制覆盖已经存在的文件 yum -y install wget wget https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz -O wordpress.tar.gz tar xf wordpress.tar.gz mv wordpress/* /data/web/wordpress.com rm -rf wordpress chown -R apache:Nginx /data/web/wordpress.com chmod -R 755 /data/web/wordpress.com
最后，访问http://服务器地址:8080 进入博客安装界面
如果无法访问网站地址:
2.测试主机与服务器的通信状态是否正常
1.选择语言模式为中文
2.填写数据库信息
3.填写网站信息
4.访问http://服务器地址:8080 就可以看到博客已经搭起来了
- wordpress数据库相关信息：
- 数据库服务器：localhost
- 数据库端口：3306
- 数据库名称：wordpress
- 数据库用户名：wordpress
- 数据库密码：wordpress_password
写在最后
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