5.20爬虫——Mu

#1、导入第三方库
import requests
import json
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import time
import os
import pandas as pd
import random
#2、获取网页内容
def fetchURL(url):
    '''
    功能：访问 url 的网页，获取网页内容并返回
    参数：
        url ：目标网页的 url
    返回：目标网页的 html 内容
    '''
    headers = {
        'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.212 Safari/537.36',
    }
    
    try:
        r = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
        r.raise_for_status()
        return r.text
    except requests.HTTPError as e:
        print(e)
        print("HTTPError")
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        print(e)
    except:
        print("Unknown Error !")
#3、解析网页内容
def parserHtml(html):
    '''
    功能：根据参数 html 给定的内存型 HTML 文件，尝试解析其结构，获取所需内容
    参数：
            html：类似文件的内存 HTML 文本对象
    '''
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html,"html.parser")
    tbodys = soup.find_all('tbody')
    data = []
 
    for i in range(1,len(tbodys)):
        comment = tbodys[i]
        ci = comment.cite.a['href']
        tmp = comment.find(onclick="atarget(this)")
        title = tmp.string
        uid = re.findall(r"(\d+)",ci)[0]
        tid = re.findall(r"(\d+)",tmp['href'])[0]
        co = {
            'tid':tid,
            'title':title,
            'uid':uid
        }
        data.append(co)
    return pd.DataFrame(data)
#4、存储爬取信息
def save_file(data_df):
#     columns = ['帖子id','标题','用户id']
    #if os.path.exists('discuz社区.txt'):
        #存在则追加，不写入表头
        # excel能够正确识别用gb2312、gbk、gb18030或utf_8_sig编码的中文,utf-8可能出现乱码
    data_df.to_csv('/root/discuz_result.txt', mode='a',encoding='utf_8_sig',header = False,index=False) #,columns=columns,
    #不存在，则直接写入，带表头
    #else:
        # 加上参数mode='a'也可以
        #data_df.to_csv('discuz社区.txt',encoding='utf_8_sig', index=False)#columns=columns
    print("保存成功！")
#5、主函数
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for i in range(1,20):
        url = 'https://www.discuz.net/forum-developer-{}.html'.format(i)
        html = fetchURL(url)
        data = parserHtml(html)
        #将一页爬取的数据存储到MongoDB
        save_file(data)
        time.sleep(random.randint(1,3))        
    print("数据保存成功！")
#6、将数据存入数据库
create database hive_db;

create table crawl_discuz(tid int,title string,uid int)row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
load data local inpath '/root/discuz_result.txt' into table crawl_discuz;
原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/Lize_Mu/article/details/117062565
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