Oracle 11g DataGuard搭建一 - 单节点到单节点

（一）DataGuard概要

DataGuard中文称为”数据卫士“，提供了数据库高可用性、数据保护和灾难恢复的功能。DataGuard通过建立primary数据库和standby数据库来确立参照关系，DataGuard将主库（primary）的redo日志传递给备库（standby），然后在备库中应用redo进行同步。

备库又分为2种类型：物理备库和逻辑备库

物理standby是通过块拷贝方式同步，通过接受并应用primary数据库的redo log，以介质恢复的方式同步。在物理备库中，数据是完全相同的，包括schema、表、索引都是一样的。
逻辑standby是通过应用SQL语句进行同步，通过接收primary数据库的redo log并转换成sql语句。

物理备库在实际生产中使用较多，这里记录物理备库的搭建过程。

（二）DataGuard环境规划

	主库	备库
操作系统	redhat 6.7 x86-64(64位)	redhat 6.7 x86-64(64位)
服务器名称	primarynode	standbynode
IP地址规划	192.168.10.51	192.168.10.52
---------------	-----------------------	----------------
数据库版本	11.2.0.4	11.2.0.4
db_name	adgdb	adgdb
db_unique_name	adgdb	adgdbstandby
instance_name	adgdb	adgdbstandby
service_name	adgdb	adgdb
数据库安装	安装数据库软件+创建监听+安装数据库	安装数据库软件+创建监听

常规配置：

( 1 )主库和备库hosts文件配置

[root@primarynode ~]# vim /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6
192.168.10.51  primarynode
192.168.10.52  standbynode

（2）主库oracle用户环境配置

[oracle@primarynode ~]$ more .bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

ORACLE_SID=adgdb; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin; export PATH
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask 022

export PATH

（3）备库环境变量配置

[oracle@standbynode ~]$ adgdbstandby; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/

export PATH

(三)DataGuard主库配置

( 1 )主库启用强制记录日志功能

查询是否启用强制记录日志

select force_logging from v$database;

如果未启用，则使用下面语句来开启强制记录日志

alter database force logging; --强制记录日志

( 2 )启用归档

查询是否启用归档

archive log list 
或者
select log_mode database;

如果未启用归档，可以按照如下步骤开启归档

--Oracle 11g数据库归档模式开启 STEP1：以sysdba角色登陆数据库 sqlplus / as sysdba STEP2：干净的关闭数据库 shutdown immediate STEP3：将数据库启动到mount状态 startup mount STEP4：开启归档 database archivelog; STEP5：打开数据库 database open

( 3 )主库参数配置
(3.1)db_unique_name

SQL> alter system set db_unique_name = 'adgdb' scope=spfile;

(3.2)log_archive_config

SQL> set log_archive_config=DG_CONFIG=(adgdb,adgdbstandby)=spfile;

(3.3)log_archive_dest_1

set log_archive_dest_1LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=adgdb=both;

(3.4)log_archive_dest_2

set log_archive_dest_2SERVICE=tnsadgdbstandby LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=adgdbstandby=spfile;

(3.5)log_archive_dest_state_1

set log_archive_dest_state_1 = ENABLE;

(3.6)log_archive_dest_state_2

set log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE;

(3.7)db_file_name_convert
查看数据文件的位置：

select name from v$datafile; NAME ------------------------------------------------ /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/system01.dbf sysaux01.dbf undotbs01.dbf users01.dbf /example01.dbf

如果主库与备库数据文件位置不相同，则需要使用db_file_name_convert来转换。

set db_file_name_convert/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby',/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb=spfile;

(3.8)log_file_name_convert

查看在线日志文件的位置：

select member v$logfile; MEMBER /redo03.log /redo02./redo01.log

如果主库与备库在线日志文件位置不相同，则需要使用log_file_name_convert来转换。

set log_file_name_convert=spfile;

(3.9)standby_file_management

> alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=spfile;

(3.10)fal_client

set fal_clienttnsadgdb=both;

(3.11)fal_server

set fal_servertnsadgdbstandby=both;

( 4 )主库静态监听配置

[oracle@primarynode admin]$ vim listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/product/0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS_LIST = 
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = primarynode)(PORT = 1521))
      )
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER = 
  (SID_LIST = 
    (SID_DESC = 
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=adgdb)
      (SID_NAME = adgdb)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1)       
    ) 
  ) 

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle

查看监听：
[oracle@primarynode admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 0.4.0 - Production on 06-APR-2019 13:48:15 Copyright (c) 1991,2013,Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=primarynode)(PORT=))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR 0 - Production Start Date 42:48 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 5 min. 27 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/product/0/db_1/network/log/listener.log Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=primarynode)(PORT=))) Services Summary... Service "adgdb" has 2 instance(s). Instance ",status UNKNOWN,has 1 handler(s) for this service... Instance this service... Service adgdbXDB1 this service... The command completed successfully

( 5 )主库tnsnames.ora文件配置

[oracle@primarynode admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora

tnsadgdb =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.10.51)(PORT = ))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = adgdb)
    )
  )

tnsadgdbstandby =10.52)(PORT =  adgdb)
    )
  )

(四)DataGuard备库配置

（ 1 ）密码文件

在dataguard中，主库与备库sys密码需一致。可以将主库的密码文件拷贝到备库中

--登陆到主库，将密码文件复制到备库
[oracle@primarynode ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@primarynode dbs]$ scp orapwadgdb 10.52:/u01/app/oracle/product/0/db_1/dbs
oracle@10.52's password: 
orapwadgdb                         100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00 


--登陆到备库，修改密码文件的名称   
[oracle@standbynode dbs]$ mv orapwadgdb orapwadgdbstandby

或者不拷贝密码文件，直接使用orapwd生成一个新的密码文件，密码需与主库一致：

orapwd file=orapwadgdbstandby password=oracle';

（ 2 ）初始化参数文件

（2.1）在主库生成初始化参数文件

create pfile spfile; File created.

(2.2)拷贝主库的参数文件到备库并重命名

在主库上执行复制操作 [oracle@primarynode dbs]$ scp initadgdb.ora s password: initadgdb.ora 1524 00 --在备库上执行重命名操作 [oracle@standbynode dbs]$ mv initadgdb.ora initadgdbstandby.ora

（2.3）修改备库的参数文件内容

将初始化参数中的这些参数做修改，其他参数不用动 db_name=' db_unique_name=adgdbstandby audit_file_dest=/u01/app/oracle/admin/adgdbstandby/adump compatible=11.2.0.4.0 control_files=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/control01.ctl/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adbdbstandby/control02.ctl log_archive_config= log_archive_dest_1= log_archive_dest_2=SERVICE=tnsadgdb LGWR SYNC AFFIRM VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=adgdb db_file_name_convert=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby log_file_name_convert= fal_client=tnsadgdbstandby fal_server=tnsadgdb standby_file_management=AUTO'

注意：里面涉及到路径的需要手动创建

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/adgdbstandby/adump

（2.4）使用pfile文件创建spfile文件

登陆到idle数据库 sqlplus 创建spfile，可在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下查看 create spfile pfile 启动数据库到nomount状态 startup nomount

( 3 )配置静态监听

[oracle@standbynode trace]$ cd /product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
oracle@standbynode admin]$ touch listener.ora 

$ vim listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST 
    (DESCRIPTION 
      (ADDRESS_LIST  
        (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = standbynode)(PORT = ))
      )
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER  
  (SID_LIST  
    (SID_DESC  
      (GLOBAL_DBNAMEadgdb)
      (SID_NAME  adgdbstandby)
      (ORACLE_HOME = db_1)       
    ) 
  ) 

ADR_BASE_LISTENER /oracle

备注：备库为什么一定需要使用静态监听
nomount状态下必须使用静态监听才能连接到实例。

（ 4 ）配置tnsnames.ora文件，直接把主库的拷贝过来即可

/ $ vim tnsnames.ora tnsadgdb (DESCRIPTION (ADDRESS_LIST (ADDRESS 192.168.10.51)(PORT )) ) (CONNECT_DATA (SERVICE_NAME adgdb) ) ) tnsadgdbstandby 10.52)(PORT adgdb) ) )

（ 5 ）测试网络连通性

在主库与备库上均执行，确保可以正常访问：

tnsping tnsadgdb tnsping tnsadgdbstandby

在主库：

sqlplus sys/oracle@tnsadgdb as sysdba
sqlpus sys/oracle@tnsadgdbstandby as sysdba

（ 6 ）参数检查

由于参数配置的较多，需要认真检查参数配置是否正确，主要检查这些参数

1.db_unique_name             ：2个节点需要不一样
2.compatible                     ：主库与备库兼容性需一致
3.log_archive_config           : 配置主库与备库的db_unique_name
4.log_archive_dest_1,2       ：归档日志的路径
5.log_archive_dest_state_2 :
    enable -- 启用log_archive_dest_2
    defer    --禁用log_archive_dest_2
6.db_file_name_convert       ：数据文件转换路径
7.log_file_name_convert      ：日志文件转换路径
8.standby_file_management ：设置为auto
9.log_archive_format          ：日志文件格式，两边需一致

（ 7 ）使用duplicate创建物理standby

（7.1）连接到主库和备库

## 一定要加nocatalog，否则在执行duplicate时会报错 [oracle@primarynode ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@tnsadgdb auxiliary sys/oracle@tnsadgdbstandby nocatalog

（7.2）使用duplicate复制数据库

RMAN> duplicate target for standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

执行过程见：

RMAN> duplicate target database  standby from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 19
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=248 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   targetfile  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwadgdb auxiliary format 
 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwadgdbstandby   ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=23 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 

contents of Memory Script:
{
ctl;
   restore clone controlfile to  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/control02.ctl from 
 ;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
183
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,elapsed time: 01
Finished backup at 

Starting restore at 
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone alter database mount standby database;
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter database mount standby database

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile   to 
 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   set newname for datafile  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/system01.dbf;
   set newname /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/sysaux01.dbf3/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/undotbs01.dbf4/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/users01.dbf5/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/example01.dbf;
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile     datafile 
    ;
   sql alter system archive log current;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/temp01.dbf in control 

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/system01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/system01.dbf tag=TAG20190406T160954
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete,1)">45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile 00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/sysaux01.dbf tag=3600005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/example01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/example01.dbf tag=2500003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/undotbs01.dbf tag=0700004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/users01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/users01.dbf tag=

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

datafile  switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=1004890308 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/system01.dbf
datafile 10 STAMP=sysaux01.dbf
datafile 11 STAMP=undotbs01.dbf
datafile 12 STAMP=users01.dbf
datafile 13 STAMP=example01.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 19

View Code

（ 8 ）添加主库和备库的standby日志组

（8.1）添加standby日志组需要注意的事项

standby日志组个数：配置为redo日志组个数+1
在主库与备库都添加standby日志组。主库可以不添加，但是如果后期发生主备切换，还是要添加，所以最好一次性添加。
只查询standby日志组： select * from v$standby_log ;

（8.2）添加主库的standby日志组

add standby logfile group 4 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo04.log) size 50M;
5 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo05.log6 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo06.log7 (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdb/stredo07.log') size 50M;

（8.3）添加备库的standby日志组

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo04.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo05.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo06.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/adgdbstandby/stredo07.log') size 50M;

（ 9 ）开始同步数据库，在备库上执行

open;  

方式一：开启实时同步
database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect  session;
或简写为：
current logfile disconnect;

方式二：开启同步（日志切换时才同步）
database disconnect from session;

至此配置完成。

（五）DataGuard状态查看

（ 1 ）主库状态查看

SQLselect    open_mode,数据库打开模式，如果实时同步，则为：read only with apply，取消同步则为：read only
          database_role,1)">数据库角色，是主库还是备库
          protection_mode,1)">保护模式
          protection_level     保护级别
from  v$;  

OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE       PROTECTION_LEVEL
------------------ ---------------- -------------------- --------------------
READ WRITE           PRIMARY          MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

（ 2 ）备库状态查看

SQLselect    open_mode,database_role,protection_mode,protection_level     
database;   

OPEN_MODE            DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE       PROTECTION_LEVEL
READ ONLY WITH APPLY PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE

（六）DataGuard测试

在主库上创建表lijiaman.test01,并插入数据

SQLcreate table test01(id  number,name  varchar2(50));
Table created.

SQLinsert into test01 values(1,1)">lijiaman);
1 row created.

SQL2,1)">gegemancommit;

在standby数据库上查询lijiaman.test01表，数据一致

SQLselect db_unique_name ;
DB_UNIQUE_NAME
----------------------------
adgdbstandby

SQL lijiaman.test01;
ID NAME
-------- --------------------
 lijiaman
2 gegeman

【完】

Oracle 11g DataGuard搭建一 - 单节点到单节点

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