在Visual Studio的C ++项目中将NetCDF通过vcpkg安装与CMake一起使用时，无法解析的外部符号

分类：编程问答

如何解决在Visual Studio的C ++项目中将NetCDF通过vcpkg安装与CMake一起使用时，无法解析的外部符号

该问题自其最初发布以来已被更新。将来我会保留所有有关上下文和信息的信息，但最新信息和问题位于底部。

我以前发现有一些similar questions关于相关主题的信息，但是他们似乎都没有一个清晰，简洁的解决方案来解决我的实际工作。我希望通过问这个问题，我可以得到一个答案，并且互联网上还将为将来遇到类似麻烦的人们提供一个更清晰的答案。

我试图在Visual Studio 2019中使用NetCDF以CMake作为构建系统来创建一个简单的示例C ++代码。我使用vcpkg，特别是命令

安装了NetCDF。

vcpkg install netcdf-cxx:x64-windows

已将所有必备软件包和netcdf-cxx：x64-windows安装到C:\Program Files\vcpkg\packages。

在项目本身中，我有两个主要文件：main.cpp和CMakeLists.txt。目录结构如下：

- C:\
     - Users\
          - Owner\
               - Education and Research\
                    - Personal Projects\
                         - learning_coding\
                              - C++\
                                   - cmake_netcdf\
                                        - CMakeLists.txt
                                        - main.cpp

文件main.cpp是

#include <iostream>

#include <netcdf>

int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello world!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt是

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.17)

project(cmake_netcdf)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable(cmake_netcdf main.cpp)

# Find and include the netcdf package
find_package(netcdf CONFIG REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(cmake_netcdf
                      PRIVATE netcdf
                     )

Visual Studio可以成功刷新C ++ IntelliSense信息，

1> CMake generation started for configuration: 'x64-Debug'.
1> Found and using vcpkg toolchain file (C:/Program Files/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake).
1> The toolchain file has changed (CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE).
1> Command line: "cmd.exe" /c ""C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2019\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\CMake\bin\cmake.exe"  -G "Ninja"  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING="Debug" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH="C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\out\install\x64-Debug" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER:FILEPATH="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:FILEPATH="C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe"  -DCMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM="C:\PROGRAM FILES (X86)\MICROSOFT VISUAL STUDIO\2019\COMMUNITY\COMMON7\IDE\COMMONEXTENSIONS\MICROSOFT\CMAKE\Ninja\ninja.exe" -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="C:/Program Files/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake" "C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf" 2>&1"
1> Working directory: C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug
1> [CMake] -- The C compiler identification is MSVC 19.27.29111.0
1> [CMake] -- The CXX compiler identification is MSVC 19.27.29111.0
1> [CMake] -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
1> [CMake] -- Check for working C compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe - works
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compiler ABI info
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compile features
1> [CMake] -- Detecting C compile features - done
1> [CMake] -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe
1> [CMake] -- Check for working CXX compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.27.29110/bin/Hostx64/x64/cl.exe - works
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compile features
1> [CMake] -- Detecting CXX compile features - done
1> [CMake] -- Found ZLIB: optimized;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib/zlib.lib;debug;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/debug/lib/zlibd.lib (found version "1.2.11") 
1> [CMake] -- Found ZLIB: optimized;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib/zlib.lib;debug;C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/debug/lib/zlibd.lib (found suitable version "1.2.11",minimum required is "1") 
1> [CMake] -- Configuring done
1> [CMake] -- Generating done
1> [CMake] -- Build files have been written to: C:/Users/Owner/Education and Research/Personal Projects/learning_coding/C++/cmake_netcdf/build/x64-Debug
1> Extracted CMake variables.
1> Extracted source files and headers.
1> Extracted code model.
1> Extracted includes paths.
1> CMake generation finished.

，但是项目无法生成，并显示错误消息cannot open source file "netcdf"和Cannot open include file: 'netcdf': No such file or directory。如何解决此错误？

编辑1：跟进评论：

  1. “是否可以在“解决方案属性”->“包含目录”中进行检查，是否设置了指向netcdf包含的路径？ – user3389943

此代码并未保存为解决方案，但您确实提示我查看CMake变量。 netcdf的目录变量为netcdf_DIR = C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/netcdf-c，看起来像

- C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/netcdf-c/
     - copyright
     - netCDFConfig.cmake
     - netCDFConfigVersion.cmake
     - netCDFTargets.cmake
     - netCDFTargets-debug.cmake
     - netCDFTargets-release.cmake
     - usage
     - vcpkg_abi_info.txt

netcdf_INCLUDES或此类变量没有变量。它正在为C ++程序寻找netcdf-c是一个问题吗？如何让CMake查找正确的包含目录？

  1. “ NetCDF软件包中没有名为netcdf的标头。它应显示为#include“ netcdf.h”。 – vre

进行此更改并不能解决该错误，而是将'netcdf'替换为"netcdf.h"时产生了相同的错误。我认为正确的include是netcdf，除非tutorials过期。

编辑2：跟进评论：

  1. “”“我认为适当的包含是netcdf“：包含文件绝对命名为netcdf.h。您的find_package调用应尝试查找netCDF，在此情况下很重要。在netCDFTargets-debug.cmake中，有一个目标定义为add_library（导入...）。请将此目标名称用于target_link_libraries命令。” – vre

感谢您告诉我有关此文件的信息！文件netCDFTargets-debug.cmake读取

#----------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated CMake target import file for configuration "DEBUG".
#----------------------------------------------------------------

# Commands may need to know the format version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION 1)

# Import target "netCDF::netcdf" for configuration "DEBUG"
set_property(TARGET netCDF::netcdf APPEND PROPERTY IMPORTED_CONFIGURATIONS DEBUG)
set_target_properties(netCDF::netcdf PROPERTIES
  IMPORTED_IMPLIB_DEBUG "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/lib/netcdf.lib"
  IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/bin/netcdf.dll"
  )

list(APPEND _IMPORT_CHECK_TARGETS netCDF::netcdf )
list(APPEND _IMPORT_CHECK_FILES_FOR_netCDF::netcdf "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/lib/netcdf.lib" "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/debug/bin/netcdf.dll" )

# Commands beyond this point should not need to know the version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION)

所以我将CMakeLists.txt更改为

# Unit test for building a program with netCDF using CMake in visual studio.

cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.17)

project(cmake_netcdf)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable(cmake_netcdf main.cpp)

# Find and include the netcdf package
find_package(netCDF CONFIG REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(cmake_netcdf
                      PRIVATE netCDF::netcdf
                     )

，现在main.cpp构建了！它同时使用#include <netcdf>和#include "netcdf.h"构建。

从这里开始，我决定将main.cpp更改为NCAR网站上的示例文件，所以main.cpp现在是

/* This is part of the netCDF package.
   Copyright 2006 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Unidata.
   See COPYRIGHT file for conditions of use.

   This is a very simple example which writes a 2D array of
   sample data. To handle this in netCDF we create two shared
   dimensions,"x" and "y",and a netCDF variable,called "data".

   This example is part of the netCDF tutorial:
   http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/netcdf-tutorial

   Full documentation of the netCDF C++ API can be found at:
   http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/docs/netcdf-cxx

   $Id: simple_xy_wr.cpp,v 1.5 2010/02/11 22:36:43 russ Exp $
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <netcdf>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
using namespace netCDF;
using namespace netCDF::exceptions;

// We are writing 2D data,a 6 x 12 grid. 
static const int NX = 6;
static const int NY = 12;

// Return this in event of a problem.
static const int NC_ERR = 2;



int main()
{
    // This is the data array we will write. It will just be filled
    // with a progression of numbers for this example.
    int dataOut[NX][NY];

    // Create some pretend data. If this wasn't an example program,we
    // would have some real data to write,for example,model output.
    for (int i = 0; i < NX; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < NY; j++)
            dataOut[i][j] = i * NY + j;

    // The default behavior of the C++ API is to throw an exception i
    // an error occurs. A try catch block is necessary.

    try
    {
        // Create the file. The Replace parameter tells netCDF to overwrite
        // this file,if it already exists.
        NcFile dataFile("simple_xy.nc",NcFile::replace);
        
        // Create netCDF dimensions
        NcDim xDim = dataFile.addDim("x",NX);
        NcDim yDim = dataFile.addDim("y",NY);
        
        // Define the variable. The type of the variable in this case is
        // ncInt (32-bit integer).
        vector<NcDim> dims;
        dims.push_back(xDim);
        dims.push_back(yDim);
        NcVar data = dataFile.addVar("data",ncInt,dims);

        // Write the data to the file. Although netCDF supports
        // reading and writing subsets of data,in this case we write all
        // the data in one operation.
        data.putVar(dataOut);

        // The file will be automatically close when the NcFile object goes
        // out of scope. This frees up any internal netCDF resources
        // associated with the file,and flushes any buffers.
        
        //cout << "*** SUCCESS writing example file simple_xy.nc!" << endl;
        return 0;
    }
    catch (NcException& e)
    {
        e.what();
        return NC_ERR;
    }

}

尝试构建此示例文件时，出现一堆链接器错误

>------ Build All started: Project: cmake_netcdf,Configuration: x64-Debug ------
  [1/2] Building CXX object CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj
  [2/2] Linking CXX executable cmake_netcdf.exe
  FAILED: cmake_netcdf.exe 
  cmd.exe /C "cd . && "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\CMake\CMake\bin\cmake.exe" -E vs_link_exe --intdir=CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir --rc=C:\PROGRA~2\WI3CF2~1\10\bin\100183~1.0\x64\rc.exe --mt=C:\PROGRA~2\WI3CF2~1\10\bin\100183~1.0\x64\mt.exe --manifests  -- C:\PROGRA~2\MICROS~1\2019\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1427~1.291\bin\Hostx64\x64\link.exe /nologo CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj  /out:cmake_netcdf.exe /implib:cmake_netcdf.lib /pdb:cmake_netcdf.pdb /version:0.0  /machine:x64 /debug /INCREMENTAL /subsystem:console  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\netcdf.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_hl_D.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_D.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\libcurl-d.lib"  "C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\zlibd.lib"  wldap32.lib  winmm.lib  ws2_32.lib  advapi32.lib  crypt32.lib  advapi32.lib  crypt32.lib  kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib && cmd.exe /C "cd /D "C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug" && powershell -noprofile -executionpolicy Bypass -file "C:/Program Files/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/msbuild/applocal.ps1" -targetBinary "C:/Users/Owner/Education and Research/Personal Projects/learning_coding/C++/cmake_netcdf/build/x64-Debug/cmake_netcdf.exe" -installedDir "C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/debug/bin" -OutVariable out""
  LINK Pass 1: command "C:\PROGRA~2\MICROS~1\2019\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1427~1.291\bin\Hostx64\x64\link.exe /nologo CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj /out:cmake_netcdf.exe /implib:cmake_netcdf.lib /pdb:cmake_netcdf.pdb /version:0.0 /machine:x64 /debug /INCREMENTAL /subsystem:console C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\netcdf.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_hl_D.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\hdf5_D.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\libcurl-d.lib C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\debug\lib\zlibd.lib wldap32.lib winmm.lib ws2_32.lib advapi32.lib crypt32.lib advapi32.lib crypt32.lib kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib winspool.lib shell32.lib ole32.lib oleaut32.lib uuid.lib comdlg32.lib advapi32.lib /MANIFEST /MANIFESTFILE:CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir/intermediate.manifest CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir/manifest.res" failed (exit code 1120) with the following output:
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __cdecl netCDF::NcDim::NcDim(class netCDF::NcDim const &)" (??0NcDim@netCDF@@QEAA@AEBV01@@Z) referenced in function "public: static void __cdecl std::_Default_allocator_traits<class std::allocator<class netCDF::NcDim> >::construct<class netCDF::NcDim,class netCDF::NcDim &>(class std::allocator<class netCDF::NcDim> &,class netCDF::NcDim * const,class netCDF::NcDim &)" (??$construct@VNcDim@netCDF@@AEAV12@@?$_Default_allocator_traits@V?$allocator@VNcDim@netCDF@@@std@@@std@@SAXAEAV?$allocator@VNcDim@netCDF@@@1@QEAVNcDim@netCDF@@AEAV34@@Z)
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class netCDF::NcVar __cdecl netCDF::NcGroup::addVar(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class netCDF::NcType const &,class std::vector<class netCDF::NcDim,class std::allocator<class netCDF::NcDim> > const &)const " (?addVar@NcGroup@netCDF@@QEBA?AVNcVar@2@AEBV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@AEBVNcType@2@AEBV?$vector@VNcDim@netCDF@@V?$allocator@VNcDim@netCDF@@@std@@@5@@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: class netCDF::NcDim __cdecl netCDF::NcGroup::addDim(class std::basic_string<char,unsigned __int64)const " (?addDim@NcGroup@netCDF@@QEBA?AVNcDim@2@AEBV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@_K@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __cdecl netCDF::NcFile::NcFile(class std::basic_string<char,enum netCDF::NcFile::FileMode)" (??0NcFile@netCDF@@QEAA@AEBV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@W4FileMode@01@@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __cdecl netCDF::NcFile::~NcFile(void)" (??1NcFile@netCDF@@UEAA@XZ) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: void __cdecl netCDF::NcVar::putVar(void const *)const " (?putVar@NcVar@netCDF@@QEBAXPEBX@Z) referenced in function main
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\main.cpp.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol "class netCDF::NcInt netCDF::ncInt" (?ncInt@netCDF@@3VNcInt@1@A)
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\build\x64-Debug\cmake_netcdf.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 7 unresolved externals
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

Build All failed.

我尝试将#include <netcdf>替换为#include "netcdf.h"，但出现了更多错误：

  [1/2] Building CXX object CMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj
  FAILED: CMakeFiles/cmake_netcdf.dir/main.cpp.obj 
  C:\PROGRA~2\MICROS~1\2019\COMMUN~1\VC\Tools\MSVC\1427~1.291\bin\Hostx64\x64\cl.exe  /nologo /TP -DDEBUG -DH5_BUILT_AS_DYNAMIC_LIB -I"C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include" /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /GR /EHsc /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1 -MDd /showIncludes /FoCMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\main.cpp.obj /FdCMakeFiles\cmake_netcdf.dir\ /FS -c ..\..\main.cpp
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(22): error C2871: 'netCDF': a namespace with this name does not exist
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(23): error C2653: 'netCDF': is not a class or namespace name
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(23): error C2871: 'exceptions': a namespace with this name does not exist
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2065: 'NcFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'dataFile'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2653: 'NcFile': is not a class or namespace name
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C2065: 'replace': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(53): error C3861: 'dataFile': identifier not found
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2065: 'NcDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'xDim'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2065: 'xDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(56): error C2065: 'dataFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2065: 'NcDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'yDim'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2065: 'yDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(57): error C2065: 'dataFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2065: 'NcDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2923: 'std::vector': 'NcDim' is not a valid template type argument for parameter '_Ty'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2976: 'std::vector': too few template arguments
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.27.29110\include\vector(413): note: see declaration of 'std::vector'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2133: 'dims': unknown size
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(61): error C2512: 'std::vector': no appropriate default constructor available
  C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.27.29110\include\vector(413): note: see declaration of 'std::vector'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(62): error C2065: 'xDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(63): error C2065: 'yDim': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2065: 'NcVar': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2146: syntax error: missing ';' before identifier 'data'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2065: 'dataFile': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(64): error C2065: 'ncInt': undeclared identifier
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(78): error C2061: syntax error: identifier 'NcException'
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(78): error C2310: catch handlers must specify one type
C:\Users\Owner\Education and Research\Personal Projects\learning_coding\C++\cmake_netcdf\main.cpp(80): error C2065: 'e': undeclared identifier
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.

Build All failed.

对这些新问题有何见解？谷歌搜索将我带到this page，这表明CMake正在链接到32位版本的库（而我的系统是64位），但是我只安装了64位版本的库。 / p>

此外，关于#include <netcdf>和#include "netcdf.h"，我在C:\Program Files\vcpkg\installed\x64-windows\include中都有两个文件（以及与HDF5和其他内容相关的一堆头文件）。似乎<netcdf>是整个事物，而netcdf.h只是其中的一部分？

  1. “ netcdf_DIR是find_package在其中搜索标头和库的地方。您能像所提到的@vre一样交叉检查目标名称吗？” – user3389943

我当然可以！ netcdf_DIR是C:/Program Files/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/share/netcdf-c，我在Edit 1中提到了其中的内容。

netCDFTargets.cmake文件的行add_library(netCDF::netcdf SHARED IMPORTED)是我用于target_link_libraries命令的最新版本的行。

编辑3：对评论进行跟进：

  1. “那么在netCDFTargets.cmake中定义了哪些其他目标” – user3389943

我不确定如何解析netCDFTargets.cmake，因此内容如下：

# Generated by CMake

if("${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION}" LESS 2.5)
   message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake >= 2.6.0 required")
endif()
cmake_policy(PUSH)
cmake_policy(VERSION 2.6)
#----------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated CMake target import file.
#----------------------------------------------------------------

# Commands may need to know the format version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION 1)

# Protect against multiple inclusion,which would fail when already imported targets are added once more.
set(_targetsDefined)
set(_targetsNotDefined)
set(_expectedTargets)
foreach(_expectedTarget netCDF::netcdf)
  list(APPEND _expectedTargets ${_expectedTarget})
  if(NOT TARGET ${_expectedTarget})
    list(APPEND _targetsNotDefined ${_expectedTarget})
  endif()
  if(TARGET ${_expectedTarget})
    list(APPEND _targetsDefined ${_expectedTarget})
  endif()
endforeach()
if("${_targetsDefined}" STREQUAL "${_expectedTargets}")
  unset(_targetsDefined)
  unset(_targetsNotDefined)
  unset(_expectedTargets)
  set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION)
  cmake_policy(POP)
  return()
endif()
if(NOT "${_targetsDefined}" STREQUAL "")
  message(FATAL_ERROR "Some (but not all) targets in this export set were already defined.\nTargets Defined: ${_targetsDefined}\nTargets not yet defined: ${_targetsNotDefined}\n")
endif()
unset(_targetsDefined)
unset(_targetsNotDefined)
unset(_expectedTargets)


# Compute the installation prefix relative to this file.
get_filename_component(_IMPORT_PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" PATH)
get_filename_component(_IMPORT_PREFIX "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}" PATH)
get_filename_component(_IMPORT_PREFIX "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}" PATH)
if(_IMPORT_PREFIX STREQUAL "/")
  set(_IMPORT_PREFIX "")
endif()

# Create imported target netCDF::netcdf
add_library(netCDF::netcdf SHARED IMPORTED)

set_target_properties(netCDF::netcdf PROPERTIES
  INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/include;${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/include"
  INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES "ZLIB::ZLIB;hdf5::hdf5-shared;hdf5::hdf5_hl-shared;CURL::libcurl"
)

if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 2.8.12)
  message(FATAL_ERROR "This file relies on consumers using CMake 2.8.12 or greater.")
endif()

# Load information for each installed configuration.
get_filename_component(_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" PATH)
file(GLOB CONFIG_FILES "${_DIR}/netCDFTargets-*.cmake")
foreach(f ${CONFIG_FILES})
  include(${f})
endforeach()

# Cleanup temporary variables.
set(_IMPORT_PREFIX)

# Loop over all imported files and verify that they actually exist
foreach(target ${_IMPORT_CHECK_TARGETS} )
  foreach(file ${_IMPORT_CHECK_FILES_FOR_${target}} )
    if(NOT EXISTS "${file}" )
      message(FATAL_ERROR "The imported target \"${target}\" references the file
   \"${file}\"
but this file does not exist.  Possible reasons include:
* The file was deleted,renamed,or moved to another location.
* An install or uninstall procedure did not complete successfully.
* The installation package was faulty and contained
   \"${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}\"
but not all the files it references.
")
    endif()
  endforeach()
  unset(_IMPORT_CHECK_FILES_FOR_${target})
endforeach()
unset(_IMPORT_CHECK_TARGETS)

# This file does not depend on other imported targets which have
# been exported from the same project but in a separate export set.

# Commands beyond this point should not need to know the version.
set(CMAKE_IMPORT_FILE_VERSION)
cmake_policy(POP)

有帮助吗？

解决方法

好的，我找到了解决方案！无疑，这不是一个完美的解决方案，但这是一个解决方案。

不幸的是，我无法使其在Windows下的Visual Studio上运行。我可能会在某个时候再试一次，但是我认为netCDF-cxx4的版本在vcpkg上已经过时了。我目前不在我的主要工作站上，因此我将不得不在那儿再试一次，看看是否可以在Visual Studio中获得解决方案。无论如何，这是我所做的似乎可行的事情：

  1. 我通过Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)下载了Ubuntu 20.04.1。我不确定这是否适用于旧版本或较新版本的Ubuntu，但我认为可以。我还使用他们在该页面上提到的Windows终端，并使用here中的vimrc示例文件来设置颜色。

这通过在C:\上方添加两层/mnt/来改变文件系统的工作方式。您可以转到/mnt/c/Users/导航到Windows上的文件，而转到/导航到Ubuntu子系统。我将我的Ubuntu帐户命名为usr，因此“桌面” Ubuntu文件保存在/home/usr中。对于所有后续步骤，我将使用Windows Terminal应用程序中的Ubuntu终端窗口。

启用WSL后，通过zlib安装vcpkg时也存在问题，但是我不知道如何解决它，也找不到任何解决方案。

  1. 我通过运行sudo apt install build-essential下载了C ++编译器，并通过sudo apt install cmake libnetcdf-dev安装了CMake和netCDF-C。

  2. 我通过将GitHub repository克隆到我的主目录netCDF-cxx4并使用命令来安装/home/usr 

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make
ctest
sudo make install

如果那里没有sudo，则会出现权限错误。

  1. 我在目录netCDFCxxConfig.cmake中找到了/usr/local/lib/cmake/netcdf文件，并对CMakeLists.txt文件做了一些更改
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.8)

# Set project name and version
project(cmake_netcdfcxx4)

# Find the netcdf-cxx4 library
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "/usr/local/lib/cmake/netCDF")
find_package(netCDFCxx REQUIRED)

# Add source to this project's executable.
add_executable(cmake_netcdfcxx4 main.cpp)

# Link the netcdf-cxx4 library to the executable
target_link_libraries(cmake_netcdfcxx4
                      PRIVATE
                         netCDF::netcdf-cxx4
                     )

将此目录添加到CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH变量中。我仍在研究如何将目录/usr/local/lib/cmake/自动添加到CMake搜索路径，以便用户不必编辑CMakeLists.txt文件即可正确编译此文件，因此我认为这需要一些操作正在更新。

我希望这对以后的人们有所帮助！

版权声明：本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献，该文观点与技术仅代表作者本人。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌侵权/违法违规的内容， 请发送邮件至 dio@foxmail.com 举报，一经查实，本站将立刻删除。

相关推荐

导入项目后报错问题
依赖报错 idea导入项目后依赖报错，解决方案：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42420249/article/details/81191861 依赖版本报错：更换其他版本 无法下载依赖可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42628809/a
idea不能识别yaml文件
使用mybatis plus常见错误
错误1：代码生成器依赖和mybatis依赖冲突 启动项目时报错如下 2021-12-03 13:33:33.927 ERROR 7228 [ main] o.s.b.d.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter : *************************** APPL
gradle常见问题与错误
错误1：gradle项目控制台输出为乱码 # 解决方案：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43501566/article/details/112482302 # 在gradle-wrapper.properties 添加以下内容 org.gradle.jvmargs=-Df
Mybatis Plus传入参数0不起作用
错误还原：在查询的过程中，传入的workType为0时，该条件不起作用 &lt;select id=&quot;xxx&quot;&gt; SELECT di.id, di.name, di.work_type, di.updated... &lt;where&gt; &lt;if test=&qu
linux中make编译源码包失败
报错如下，gcc版本太低 ^ server.c:5346:31: 错误：‘struct redisServer’没有名为‘server_cpulist’的成员 redisSetCpuAffinity(server.server_cpulist); ^ server.c: 在函数‘hasActiveC
微服务启动错误：Command line is too long. Shorten command line for
解决方案1 1、改项目中.idea/workspace.xml配置文件，增加dynamic.classpath参数 2、搜索PropertiesComponent，添加如下 &lt;property name=&quot;dynamic.classpath&quot; value=&quot;tru
vue常见错误
删除根组件app.vue中的默认代码后报错：Module Error (from ./node_modules/eslint-loader/index.js): 解决方案：关闭ESlint代码检测，在项目根目录创建vue.config.js，在文件中添加 module.exports = { lin
spark常见错误
查看spark默认的python版本 [root@master day27]# pyspark /home/software/spark-2.3.4-bin-hadoop2.7/conf/spark-env.sh: line 2: /usr/local/hadoop/bin/hadoop: No s
matplotlib报错：AttributeError: module 'backend_interagg' has no attribute 'FigureCanvas'. Did you mean: 'FigureCanvasAgg'?
使用本地python环境可以成功执行 import pandas as pd import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # 设置字体 plt.rcParams[&#39;font.sans-serif&#39;] = [&#39;SimHei&#39;] # 能正确显示负号 p
gitlab登录失败，报错：This challenge page was accidentally cached by an intermediary and is no longer available.
设置时间 控制面板
后端开发常见错误
错误1：Request method ‘DELETE‘ not supported 错误还原：controller层有一个接口，访问该接口时报错：Request method ‘DELETE‘ not supported 错误原因：没有接收到前端传入的参数，修改为如下 参考 错误2：cannot r
docker常见错误
错误1：启动docker镜像时报错：Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint quirky_allen 解决方法：重启docker -&gt; systemctl r
idea常见错误
错误1：private field ‘xxx‘ is never assigned 按Altʾnter快捷键，选择第2项 参考：https://blog.csdn.net/shi_hong_fei_hei/article/details/88814070 错误2：启动时报错，不能找到主启动类 #
pip安装依赖失败
报错如下，通过源不能下载，最后警告pip需升级版本 Requirement already satisfied: pip in c:\users\ychen\appdata\local\programs\python\python310\lib\site-packages (22.0.4) Coll
maven常见错误
错误1：maven打包报错 错误还原：使用maven打包项目时报错如下 [ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:3.2.0:resources (default-resources)
cloud项目中常见错误
错误1：服务调用时报错 服务消费者模块assess通过openFeign调用服务提供者模块hires 如下为服务提供者模块hires的控制层接口 @RestController @RequestMapping(&quot;/hires&quot;) public class FeignControl
springboot常见错误
错误1：运行项目后报如下错误 解决方案 报错2：Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.8.1:compile (default-compile) on project sb 解决方案：在pom.
springmvc拦截器中使用redisTemplate报空指针异常
参考 错误原因 过滤器或拦截器在生效时，redisTemplate还没有注入 解决方案：在注入容器时就生效 @Component //项目运行时就注入Spring容器 public class RedisBean { @Resource private RedisTemplate&lt;String
vite报错：npm ERR! command C:WINDOWSsystem32cmd.exe /d /s /c C:UsersychenAppDataLocalTempnpx-dde1c848.cmd
使用vite构建项目报错 C:\Users\ychen\work&gt;npm init @vitejs/app @vitejs/create-app is deprecated, use npm init vite instead C:\Users\ychen\AppData\Local\npm-
pythonJavaScriptjavaHTMLPHPreactjsC#AndroidCSSNode.jssqlrpython-3.xMysqLjQueryc++pandasFlutterangularIOSdjangolinuxswifttypescript路由器JSON路由器设置无线路由器h3c华三华三路由器设置华三路由器电脑软件教程arraysdocker软件图文教程Cvue.jslaravelspring-boot