Android 手机旋转时我的前台服务的多个实例

分类：编程问答

如何解决Android 手机旋转时我的前台服务的多个实例

我正在编写 Android 位置应用和前台服务。该应用程序会定期从服务中获取位置更新。我正在使用 Android Studio 并在 Kotlin 中编写应用程序。

问题在于，当手机旋转时，会创建一个新的前台服务实例。这通过显示位置更新计数以及服务哈希码的日志输出进行了演示：

MainActivity.onCreate(Buddle)
MainActivity.onStart
MainActivity.onResume
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  LocationService: onStartCommand
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 1     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 2     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 3     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 4     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 5     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 6     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 7     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
MainActivity.onPause
MainActivity.onStop
MainActivity.onSaveInstanceState
MainActivity.onCreate(Buddle)
MainActivity.onStart
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
MainActivity.onResume
LocationService: onDestroy  ========================================================
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  LocationService: onStartCommand
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 8     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 1     Service Hash Code: 233645514 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 9     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 2     Service Hash Code: 233645514 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 10     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 3     Service Hash Code: 233645514 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 11     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 4     Service Hash Code: 233645514 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 12     Service Hash Code: 185408788 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  ======= 
LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: 5     Service Hash Code: 233645514 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<
MainActivity:   ======= Location Changed  =======

手机轮换发生在生命周期活动发生的中途。我一直在研究这个问题，并在过去两天在线搜索寻求帮助，但我看到的与此问题相关的唯一答案是，“您无法创建服务的多个实例”但是日志 似乎 证明不然。我一直不愿意在堆栈溢出上提问，因为我是新手，不完全知道提问的正确方法，但我不知道还能尝试什么。 如果我忘记在我的问题中包含某些内容，请告诉我，谢谢。

主要：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.considerateapps.logger">
    
    <!-- To request foreground location access,declare one of these permissions. -->
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
    
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:fullBackupContent="true"
        android:hasFragileUserData="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.Logger">
        <service
            android:name=".ui.main.LocationService"
            android:foregroundServiceType="location"
            android:exported="false"
            android:stopWithTask="true"
            />

        <meta-data
            android:name="com.google.android.geo.API_KEY"
            android:value="AIzaSyBybVSRyyvJbnHUfYRRi3PJEsodusgKX78" />
        
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="Logger"
            android:theme="@style/Theme.Logger.NoActionBar">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                
                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

主要活动：

package com.considerateapps.logger

import android.Manifest
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.media.MediaPlayer
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.observe
import com.considerateapps.logger.ui.main.*


class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity()
{
    public  val TAG = "Logger"
    private val locationPermissionCode = 2

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?)
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"MainActivity.onCreate(Buddle)")
        checkLocationPermission()
        startForegroundService()

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.main_activity)
        setSupportActionBar(findViewById(R.id.toolbar))

        setupObservers()
    }

    private fun setupObservers()
    {
        LocationService.location.observe(this as LifecycleOwner)
        {
            Log.i(TAG,"MainFragment:   ======= database Updated Observer  ======= ")
            val mediaPlayerButtonSound: MediaPlayer = MediaPlayer.create(this,R.raw.ding)
            mediaPlayerButtonSound.start()

        }
    }

    private fun checkLocationPermission()
    {
        if ((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(
                        application,Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
                ) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
        ) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
                    this,arrayOf(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION),locationPermissionCode
            )
        }
    }

    private fun startForegroundService()
    {
        LocationService.startService(this,"Foreground Service is running...")
    }
    override fun onStart()
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"MainActivity.onStart")
        super.onStart()
    }

    override fun onResume()
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"MainActivity.onResume")
        super.onResume()
    }

    override fun onPause()
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"MainActivity.onPause")
        super.onPause()
    }

    override fun onStop()
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"MainActivity.onStop")
        super.onStop()
    }

    override fun onSaveInstanceState(outState: Bundle)
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"MainActivity.onSaveInstanceState")
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)
    }

    override fun onLowMemory()
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"$localClassName.onLowMemory")
        super.onLowMemory()
    }

    override fun onDestroy()
    {
        LocationService.stopService(this)
        super.onDestroy()
    }
}

LocationService.kt：

package com.considerateapps.logger.ui.main

import android.Manifest
import android.app.*
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationListener
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.os.IBinder
import android.util.Log
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData
import com.considerateapps.logger.MainActivity
import com.considerateapps.logger.R


class LocationService : Service(),LocationListener
{
    val TAG = "Logger"
    val NOTIF_ID = 1

    private lateinit var locationManager: LocationManager
    private var locationUpdateCount = 0

    private val CHANNEL_ID = "ForegroundService Kotlin"
    companion object
    {
        val location:MutableLiveData<Location> = MutableLiveData<Location>()

        fun startService(context: Context,message: String)
        {
            val startIntent = Intent(context,LocationService::class.java)
            startIntent.putExtra("inputExtra",message)
            ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context,startIntent)
        }

        fun stopService(context: Context)
        {

            val stopIntent = Intent(context,LocationService::class.java)
            context.stopService(stopIntent)
        }
    }

    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?,flags: Int,startId: Int): Int
    {
        Log.i(TAG,">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>  LocationService: onStartCommand")
        locationManager = application.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager

        //do heavy work on a background thread
        val input = intent?.getStringExtra("inputExtra")
        createNotificationChannel()
        val notification = getNotification(input!!)

        startForeground(NOTIF_ID,notification)
        requestLocationUpdates()
        super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId)
        return START_STICKY
    }

    private fun getNotification(contentText: String):Notification
    {
        val notificationIntent = Intent(this,MainActivity::class.java)
        notificationIntent.flags = Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP
        val pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
                this,notificationIntent,PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT
        )

        val notification = NotificationCompat.Builder(this,CHANNEL_ID)
                .setOngoing(false)
                .setAutoCancel(false)
                .setContentTitle("Location Service")
                .setContentText(contentText)
                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_foreground)
                .setContentIntent(pendingIntent)
                .setOnlyAlertOnce(true)
                .build()
        return notification
    }

    private fun updateNotification(contentText: String)
    {
        val notification: Notification = getNotification(contentText)
        val mNotificationManager = getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
        mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIF_ID,notification)
    }

    override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder?
    {
        return null
    }

    private fun createNotificationChannel() {
        val serviceChannel = NotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID,"Foreground Service Channel",NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT)
        val manager = getSystemService(NotificationManager::class.java)
        manager!!.createNotificationChannel(serviceChannel)
    }

    private fun requestLocationUpdates()
    {
        if((ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(application,Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)) ==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
        {
            location.value = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
            locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER,200,0f,this)
        }
    }

    override fun onLocationChanged(i_location: Location) {
        locationUpdateCount++
        Log.i(TAG,"LocationService:  ******* onLocation Change *******   -  Count: $locationUpdateCount     Service Hash Code: ${hashCode()} <<<<<<<<<<<<<<")
        // Toast.makeText(this,"Count:$locationUpdateCount",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        updateNotification("Count: $locationUpdateCount")
        location.value = i_location
    }

    override fun onDestroy()
    {
        Log.i(TAG,"LocationService: onDestroy  ========================================================")
        super.onDestroy()
    }
}

解决方法

经过几个小时的调试，我发现了问题：

在 MainActivity.onDestroy() 中，我试图停止我的服务 LocationService。问题是我将位置回调附加到服务，因此当手机旋转时服务泄漏，因为调用 MainActivity.onDestroy() 试图停止服务但显然不能因为附加的位置侦听器和 Android似乎假设它成功停止了服务，因此在下次创建它的新实例。

*** 似乎是 Android 操作系统的错误 ***

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