Android Kotlin 前台服务在一段时间后停止

如何解决Android Kotlin 前台服务在一段时间后停止

我正在开发用于用户跟踪的前台位置服务。每次位置更新时，此服务都会向 API 发送更新当前位置的请求。问题是当应用程序置于后台或屏幕被锁定时，服务会在一段时间后停止发送请求（通常大约 1 分钟，在此期间发送大约 10 个请求）。应用程序恢复后，服务再次开始工作，并在最小化/锁定屏幕后重复该场景。

在 onStartCommand 中，我尝试返回多个启动选项，但都没有奏效。我已经在 Android 10 和 11 上测试了该应用。

服务源码：

class LocationService: Service()  {

    @Inject
    lateinit var apiService: ApiService

    private val composite = CompositeDisposable()

    private var locationManager: LocationManager? = null
    private var locationListener: LocationListener? = null

    override fun onBind(p0: Intent?): IBinder? =
        null

    val NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID = "location_tracking"
    val NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_NAME = "Location tracking"
    val NOTIFICATION_ID = 101

    var isFirstRun = true

    @SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
    override fun onCreate() {
        App.component.inject(this)

        setupLocationListener()

        locationManager = getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager?
        val criteria = Criteria()
        criteria.accuracy = Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE
        val provider = locationManager?.getBestProvider(criteria,true)

        val minTime = 5*1000L
        if(provider != null) locationManager?.requestLocationUpdates(provider,minTime,0f,locationListener)

        super.onCreate()
    }

    override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent?,flags: Int,startId: Int): Int {
        if (isFirstRun) {
            startForegroundService()
            isFirstRun = false
        } else {
            Timber.d {"Resuming service"}
        }

        return super.onStartCommand(intent,flags,startId)
    }

    private fun startForegroundService() {
        val notificationManager = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager

        if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) createNotificationChannel(notificationManager)

        val notificationBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this,NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID)
                .setAutoCancel(false)
                .setOngoing(true)
                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_notification)
                .setContentTitle(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_NAME)
                .setContentIntent(getMainActivityIntent())

        startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID,notificationBuilder.build())
    }

    private fun getMainActivityIntent()
        = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,Intent(this,MainActivity::class.java)
            .also { it.action = R.id.action_global_navigationScreenFragment.toString() },FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)

    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    private fun createNotificationChannel(notificationManager: NotificationManager) {
        val channel = NotificationChannel(NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_ID,NOTIFICATION_CHANNEL_NAME,IMPORTANCE_LOW)
        notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel)
    }

    private fun setupLocationListener() {
        locationListener = object: LocationListener {

            override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {
                val cords = GeoCoordinatesDTO(location.latitude.toFloat(),location.longitude.toFloat())
                try {
                    composite.add(apiService.mobileUserAccountReportPosition(cords)
                        .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                        .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                        .subscribe(
                            {},{ t ->
                                if(t is RuntimeException) {
                                    e(t)
                                }
                            }
                        ))
                } catch(e: Exception) {
                    Log.e("GPS","error: $e")
                }
            }

            override fun onStatusChanged(provider: String,status: Int,extras: Bundle) {}

            override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {}

            override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {}

        }
    }

    override fun onDestroy() {
        try {
            locationManager?.removeUpdates(locationListener)
        } catch(e: DeadObjectException) {}
        super.onDestroy()
    }

}

服务从 onStart 中的 MainActivity funciorn 启动

private fun initializeLocationMonitor() {
    locationService = Intent(this,LocationService::class.java)
    if(!this.isServiceRunning(LocationService::class.java)) {
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            startForegroundService(locationService)
        } else {
            startService(locationService)
        }
        sendBroadcast(locationService)
    }
}

我在清单中拥有以下权限并注册了服务：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

<service
    android:name=".Services.LocationService"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true"
    tools:ignore="ExportedService,InnerclassSeparator"
    android:foregroundServiceType="location"/>

解决方法

1. 保持设备唤醒 - https://developer.android.com/training/scheduling/wakelock

// global service variable
private var wakeLock: PowerManager.WakeLock? = null
...
// initialize before setupLocationListener() is called
wakeLock =
            (getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE) as PowerManager).run {
                newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,"LocationService::lock").apply {
                    acquire(10*1000L)  // 10 seconds
                }
            }

清单：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />

2. 检查您的应用是否在应用设置中限制了数据使用和电池服务器。

,

如果您的最小 sdk 是 14+，最好使用 WorkManager。它将使您免于使用和管理前台服务的许多麻烦。

https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/workmanager

发送位置更新是 WorkManager 的最佳用例之一。