1. docker基础
1.1 docker的安装
docker的安装非常简单，我们可以直接使用centos系统中的yum命令进行安装：
yum install -y docker
完成后查看docker的版本信息：
[root@localhost docker]# docker version Client: Version: 1.13.1 API version: 1.26 Package version: docker-1.13.1-204.git0be3e21.el7.x86_64 Go version: go1.10.3 Git commit: 0be3e21/1.13.1 Built: Fri Mar 19 13:57:09 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Server: Version: 1.13.1 API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12) Package version: docker-1.13.1-204.git0be3e21.el7.x86_64 Go version: go1.10.3 Git commit: 0be3e21/1.13.1 Built: Fri Mar 19 13:57:09 2021 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false [root@localhost docker]#
证明安装完成，docker的命令如下：
systemctl start docker # 启动docker systemctl stop docker # 停止docker systemctl status docker # 查看docker状态 systemctl restart docker # 重新启动docker
在启动之前我们需要修改docker的镜像源：
[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://ftnejmh3.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
完成后运行systemctl start docker，启动docker服务。
2. docker搭建lnmp环境
环境软件介绍：
1. docker 2. nginx 3. mysql 4. php7.4 5. laravel7
docker搭建的lnmp目录结构：
docker │ └── nginx │ │ └── default.conf #nginx配置文件 │ └── www │ └── lmrs-2008 #lmrs的laravel项目代码
2.1 docker搭建nginx
我们可以使用docker search nginx命令查找 Docker Hub 上的 nginx 镜像,这里直接拉取官方的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到 REPOSITORY 为 nginx 的镜像。
[root@localhost www]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 12 days ago 133 MB
创建nginx配置
[root@localhost ~]# cd /docker/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# touch default.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim default.conf
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name localhost;
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
index index.php index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
}
使用nginx镜像开启nginx应用容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80:80 -d --name nginx -v /docker/nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true nginx -p 80:80：将容器的80端口映射到主机的80端口 -d 后台运行(守护进程) --name nginx：将容器命名为nginx -v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录 #查看docker目前的容器 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8781afd1bf13 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Up 17 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx
2.2 docker安装php
和nginx一样，我们可以先通过docker search php查找镜像，这里直接拉取官方的镜像,标签为7.4-fpm，其他版本的可自行选择
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull php:7.4-fpm
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为php,标签为7.4-fpm的镜像。
[root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 12 days ago 133 MB docker.io/php 7.4-fpm 41b17b0f90e6 2 weeks ago 405 MB
使用php镜像开启php-frm应用容器
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -p 9000:9000 -d --name php -v /docker/www:/docker/www --privileged=true php:7.4-fpm -p 9000:9000 :将容器的9000端口映射到主机的9000端口 -d 后台运行(守护进程) --name php：将容器命名为php -v 将主机中当前目录下的www挂载到容器的www目录
查看容器启动情况
[root@localhost docker]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES cbf73ca0f17c php:7.4-fpm "docker-php-entryp..." About an hour ago Up About an hour 0.0.0.0:9000->9000/tcp php 8781afd1bf13 nginx "/docker-entrypoin..." About an hour ago Up 23 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp nginx
到这里，可以看到nginx和php都运行成功(STATUS为up说明正在运行)
进入容器 docker exec -it php bash
php -m 查看如果没有pdo_mysql 执行docker-php-ext-install pdo_mysql即可然后重启php容器
查看ip信息
[root@localhost docker]# docker inspect php | grep "IPAddress" "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
查看nginx配置的php-fpm服务ip是否一致：
location ~ \.php$ {
root /docker/www/lmrs-2008/public;
fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
以上配置中fastcgi_pass 172.17.0.3:9000;需要与我们查看的php容器的ip一致。
完成以上配置并且确定容器启动没有问题，可以进行测试：
访问laravel可能出现目录权限问题，以下是解决方式：
[root@localhost docker]# cd /docker/www [root@localhost www]# chmod -R 777 lmrs-2008
2.3 docker 搭建mysql
和nginx一样，我们可以先通过docker search mysql查找镜像，这里直接拉取官方的镜像
[root@localhost docker]# docker pull mysql
等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到REPOSITORY为mysql的镜像
[root@localhost docker]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/mysql latest 0627ec6901db 6 days ago 556 MB docker.io/nginx latest 62d49f9bab67 12 days ago 133 MB docker.io/php 7.4-fpm 41b17b0f90e6 2 weeks ago 405 MB
配置宿主机的mysql配置文件
[root@localhost docker]# vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] secure_file_priv=/var/lib/mysql port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data default_storage_engine = InnoDB performance_schema_max_table_instances = 400 table_definition_cache = 400 skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 100G table_open_cache = 128 sort_buffer_size = 768K net_buffer_length = 4K read_buffer_size = 768K read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M thread_cache_size = 16 tmp_table_size = 32M default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password lower_case_table_names = 1 sql-mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true max_connections = 500 max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server-id = 1 binlog_expire_logs_seconds = 600000 slow_query_log=1 slow-query-log-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log long_query_time=3 early-plugin-load = "" innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M innodb_log_file_size = 64M innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_read_io_threads = 1 innodb_write_io_threads = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 500M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 768K read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
[root@localhost docker]# docker run -p 3306:3306 -d --name mysql -v /etc/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf --privileged=true -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root mysql -p 3306:3306 :将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口 -d 后台运行(守护进程) --name mysql：将容器命名为mysql -v 将主机中的mysql配置挂载到容器的/etc/mysql/my.cnf
进入容器，连接mysql配置一个自己的用户，用于项目使用。
[root@localhost docker]# docker exec -it mysql bash root@0ead771c95b4:/# #连接mysql，密码就是我们在构建容器时镜像设置的MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD参数值 root@0ead771c95b4:/# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 11 Server version: 8.0.24 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> mysql> create user `starsky`@`%` identified by "root"; mysql> grant all on *.* to `starsky`@`%` with grant option;
在本地使用Navicat测试mysql：
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