C# 汉字转拼音实例(支持GB2312字符集中所有汉字)

GB2312标准共收录6763个汉字，其中一级汉字3755个，二级汉字3008个。

分区表示 

GB 2312中对所收汉字进行了“分区”处理，每区含有94个汉字/符号。这种表示方式也称为区位码。 

1）01-09区为特殊符号。

2）16-55区为一级汉字，按拼音排序。 

3）56-87区为二级汉字，按部首/笔画排序。

4）10-15区及88-94区则未有编码。

也就是说二级汉字与拼音不存在联系。这样网上大部分汉字转拼音类只能正确获取部分汉字的拼音(一级汉字).只有小数的3000多一点汉字.  而二级汉字根本查询不到，比如“蜻蜓”，比如"闰"，虽然网上补上了二级汉字中"深圳"的圳，但与二级汉字的的总数相比，显得还是远远不够的。

因此据于上面的问题就对现有网上存在的方法进行了扩展,使其能获取GB2312-80编码规则中的所有中文汉字.

功能描述:

1.汉字字符串转换为全拼表示        

2.汉字字符串转换为全拼音的首字母表示.比如:"生活的七色板"返回的是"SHDQSB"

 相比现有网上绝大部分方法做的性能改进: 

性能及改进:

1.使用StringBuilder连接要解析的字符串中的各个拼音.这个方法大量的字符串性能改善非常明显。     

2.对一级字符串(日常使用最普遍的汉字)采用分块查找.加快查找速度。

3.支持一二级所有汉字（也就是支持所有GB2312字符集中汉字）。

缺点：不能区分多音字,只完全支持GB2312-80汉字库，如果是多音字，只能得到最后一个列表中的拼音。

补充：如果想支持多音字，建议用词库资源库的方式进行查找编程。如果有时间，我也会用这个词库资源库方式再作一个汉字转拼音的类库，以尽量支持汉字多音字及标号拼音。敬请关注。

下面是当前改进的汉字转拼音类：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace MyPinYin
{
  /// <summary>
  /// 汉字拼音转换类
  /// </summary>
  public class PinYinConverter
  {
    #region 数组信息

    private static int[] pyValue = new int[] 

    {
      -20319,-20317,-20304,-20295,-20292,-20283,-20265,-20257,-20242,-20230,-20051,-20036,-20032,-20026,-20002,-19990,-19986,-19982,-19976,-19805,-19784,-19775,-19774,-19763,-19756,-19751,-19746,-19741,-19739,-19728,-19725,-19715,-19540,-19531,-19525,-19515,-19500,-19484,-19479,-19467,-19289,-19288,-19281,-19275,-19270,-19263,-19261,-19249,-19243,-19242,-19238,-19235,-19227,-19224,-19218,-19212,-19038,-19023,-19018,-19006,-19003,-18996,-18977,-18961,-18952,-18783,-18774,-18773,-18763,-18756,-18741,-18735,-18731,-18722,-18710,-18697,-18696,-18526,-18518,-18501,-18490,-18478,-18463,-18448,-18447,-18446,-18239,-18237,-18231,-18220,-18211,-18201,-18184,-18183,-18181,-18012,-17997,-17988,-17970,-17964,-17961,-17950,-17947,-17931,-17928,-17922,-17759,-17752,-17733,-17730,-17721,-17703,-17701,-17697,-17692,-17683,-17676,-17496,-17487,-17482,-17468,-17454,-17433,-17427,-17417,-17202,-17185,-16983,-16970,-16942,-16915,-16733,-16708,-16706,-16689,-16664,-16657,-16647,-16474,-16470,-16465,-16459,-16452,-16448,-16433,-16429,-16427,-16423,-16419,-16412,-16407,-16403,-16401,-16393,-16220,-16216,-16212,-16205,-16202,-16187,-16180,-16171,-16169,-16158,-16155,-15959,-15958,-15944,-15933,-15920,-15915,-15903,-15889,-15878,-15707,-15701,-15681,-15667,-15661,-15659,-15652,-15640,-15631,-15625,-15454,-15448,-15436,-15435,-15419,-15416,-15408,-15394,-15385,-15377,-15375,-15369,-15363,-15362,-15183,-15180,-15165,-15158,-15153,-15150,-15149,-15144,-15143,-15141,-15140,-15139,-15128,-15121,-15119,-15117,-15110,-15109,-14941,-14937,-14933,-14930,-14929,-14928,-14926,-14922,-14921,-14914,-14908,-14902,-14894,-14889,-14882,-14873,-14871,-14857,-14678,-14674,-14670,-14668,-14663,-14654,-14645,-14630,-14594,-14429,-14407,-14399,-14384,-14379,-14368,-14355,-14353,-14345,-14170,-14159,-14151,-14149,-14145,-14140,-14137,-14135,-14125,-14123,-14122,-14112,-14109,-14099,-14097,-14094,-14092,-14090,-14087,-14083,-13917,-13914,-13910,-13907,-13906,-13905,-13896,-13894,-13878,-13870,-13859,-13847,-13831,-13658,-13611,-13601,-13406,-13404,-13400,-13398,-13395,-13391,-13387,-13383,-13367,-13359,-13356,-13343,-13340,-13329,-13326,-13318,-13147,-13138,-13120,-13107,-13096,-13095,-13091,-13076,-13068,-13063,-13060,-12888,-12875,-12871,-12860,-12858,-12852,-12849,-12838,-12831,-12829,-12812,-12802,-12607,-12597,-12594,-12585,-12556,-12359,-12346,-12320,-12300,-12120,-12099,-12089,-12074,-12067,-12058,-12039,-11867,-11861,-11847,-11831,-11798,-11781,-11604,-11589,-11536,-11358,-11340,-11339,-11324,-11303,-11097,-11077,-11067,-11055,-11052,-11045,-11041,-11038,-11024,-11020,-11019,-11018,-11014,-10838,-10832,-10815,-10800,-10790,-10780,-10764,-10587,-10544,-10533,-10519,-10331,-10329,-10328,-10322,-10315,-10309,-10307,-10296,-10281,-10274,-10270,-10262,-10260,-10256,-10254 

    };

    private static string[] pyName = new string[]

     { 
       "A","Ai","An","Ang","Ao","Ba","Bai","Ban","Bang","Bao","Bei","Ben","Beng","Bi","Bian","Biao","Bie","Bin","Bing","Bo","Bu","Cai","Can","Cang","Cao","Ce","Ceng","Cha","Chai","Chan","Chang","Chao","Che","Chen","Cheng","Chi","Chong","Chou","Chu","Chuai","Chuan","Chuang","Chui","Chun","Chuo","Ci","Cong","Cou","Cu","Cuan","Cui","Cun","Cuo","Da","Dai","Dan","Dang","Dao","De","Deng","Di","Dian","Diao","Die","Ding","Diu","Dong","Dou","Du","Duan","Dui","Dun","Duo","E","En","Er","Fa","Fan","Fang","Fei","Fen","Feng","Fo","Fou","Fu","Ga","Gai","Gan","Gang","Gao","Ge","Gei","Gen","Geng","Gong","Gou","Gu","Gua","Guai","Guan","Guang","Gui","Gun","Guo","Ha","Hai","Han","Hang","Hao","He","Hei","Hen","Heng","Hong","Hou","Hu","Hua","Huai","Huan","Huang","Hui","Hun","Huo","Ji","Jia","Jian","Jiang","Jiao","Jie","Jin","Jing","Jiong","Jiu","Ju","Juan","Jue","Jun","Ka","Kai","Kan","Kang","Kao","Ke","Ken","Keng","Kong","Kou","Ku","Kua","Kuai","Kuan","Kuang","Kui","Kun","Kuo","La","Lai","Lan","Lang","Lao","Le","Lei","Leng","Li","Lia","Lian","Liang","Liao","Lie","Lin","Ling","Liu","Long","Lou","Lu","Lv","Luan","Lue","Lun","Luo","Ma","Mai","Man","Mang","Mao","Me","Mei","Men","Meng","Mi","Mian","Miao","Mie","Min","Ming","Miu","Mo","Mou","Mu","Na","Nai","Nan","Nang","Nao","Ne","Nei","Nen","Neng","Ni","Nian","Niang","Niao","Nie","Nin","Ning","Niu","Nong","Nu","Nv","Nuan","Nue","Nuo","O","Ou","Pa","Pai","Pan","Pang","Pao","Pei","Pen","Peng","Pi","Pian","Piao","Pie","Pin","Ping","Po","Pu","Qi","Qia","Qian","Qiang","Qiao","Qie","Qin","Qing","Qiong","Qiu","Qu","Quan","Que","Qun","Ran","Rang","Rao","Re","Ren","Reng","Ri","Rong","Rou","Ru","Ruan","Rui","Run","Ruo","Sa","Sai","San","Sang","Sao","Se","Sen","Seng","Sha","Shai","Shan","Shang","Shao","She","Shen","Sheng","Shi","Shou","Shu","Shua","Shuai","Shuan","Shuang","Shui","Shun","Shuo","Si","Song","Sou","Su","Suan","Sui","Sun","Suo","Ta","Tai","Tan","Tang","Tao","Te","Teng","Ti","Tian","Tiao","Tie","Ting","Tong","Tou","Tu","Tuan","Tui","Tun","Tuo","Wa","Wai","Wan","Wang","Wei","Wen","Weng","Wo","Wu","Xi","Xia","Xian","Xiang","Xiao","Xie","Xin","Xing","Xiong","Xiu","Xu","Xuan","Xue","Xun","Ya","Yan","Yang","Yao","Ye","Yi","Yin","Ying","Yo","Yong","You","Yu","Yuan","Yue","Yun","Za","Zai","Zan","Zang","Zao","Ze","Zei","Zen","Zeng","Zha","Zhai","Zhan","Zhang","Zhao","Zhe","Zhen","Zheng","Zhi","Zhong","Zhou","Zhu","Zhua","Zhuai","Zhuan","Zhuang","Zhui","Zhun","Zhuo","Zi","Zong","Zou","Zu","Zuan","Zui","Zun","Zuo" 
     };

    #region 二级汉字
    /// <summary>
    /// 二级汉字数组
    /// </summary>
    private static string[] otherChinese = new string[]
    {
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    };

    /// <summary>
    /// 二级汉字对应拼音数组
    /// </summary>
    private static string[] otherPinYin = new string[]
      {             
        "Chu","Pou","Ei","Zuo","A","Dia","Cen","Ca","Lve","Nou","Zha"
      };
    #endregion 二级汉字
    #region 变量定义
    // GB2312-80 标准规范中第一个汉字的机内码.即"啊"的机内码
    private const int firstChCode = -20319;
    // GB2312-80 标准规范中最后一个汉字的机内码.即"齄"的机内码
    private const int lastChCode = -2050;
    // GB2312-80 标准规范中最后一个一级汉字的机内码.即"座"的机内码
    private const int lastOfOneLevelChCode = -10247;
    // 配置中文字符
    //static Regex regex = new Regex("[\u4e00-\u9fa5]$");

    #endregion
    #endregion

    /// <summary>
    /// 取拼音第一个字段
    /// </summary>    
    /// <param name="ch"></param>    
    /// <returns></returns>    
     public static String GetFirst(Char ch)  
     {
       var rs = Get(ch); 
       if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(rs)) rs = rs.Substring(0,1); 
               
       return rs;  
     }

    /// <summary>
    /// 取拼音第一个字段
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="str"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
     public static String GetFirst(String str)
     {
       if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) return String.Empty; 

       var sb = new StringBuilder(str.Length + 1); 
       var chs = str.ToCharArray(); 

       for (var i = 0; i < chs.Length; i++) 
       { 
         sb.Append(GetFirst(chs[i]));
       } 
       
       return sb.ToString();
     }
    
    /// <summary>
     /// 获取单字拼音
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="ch"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
     public static String Get(Char ch)
     {
       // 拉丁字符      
       if (ch <= '\x00FF') return ch.ToString();

       // 标点符号、分隔符      
       if (Char.IsPunctuation(ch) || Char.IsSeparator(ch)) return ch.ToString();

       // 非中文字符      
       if (ch < '\x4E00' || ch > '\x9FA5') return ch.ToString();

       var arr = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(ch.ToString());
       //Encoding.Default默认在中文环境里虽是GB2312，但在多变的环境可能是其它
       //var arr = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(ch.ToString()); 
       var chr = (Int16)arr[0] * 256 + (Int16)arr[1] - 65536;

       //***// 单字符--英文或半角字符 
       if (chr > 0 && chr < 160) return ch.ToString();
       #region 中文字符处理

       // 判断是否超过GB2312-80标准中的汉字范围
       if (chr > lastChCode || chr < firstChCode)
       {
         return ch.ToString();;
       }
       // 如果是在一级汉字中
       else if (chr <= lastOfOneLevelChCode)
       {
         // 将一级汉字分为12块,每块33个汉字.
         for (int aPos = 11; aPos >= 0; aPos--)
         {
           int aboutPos = aPos * 33;
           // 从最后的块开始扫描,如果机内码大于块的第一个机内码,说明在此块中
           if (chr >= pyValue[aboutPos])
           {
             // Console.WriteLine("存在于第 " + aPos.ToString() + " 块,此块的第一个机内码是: " + pyValue[aPos * 33].ToString());
             // 遍历块中的每个音节机内码,从最后的音节机内码开始扫描,// 如果音节内码小于机内码,则取此音节
             for (int i = aboutPos + 32; i >= aboutPos; i--)
             {
               if (pyValue[i] <= chr)
               {
                 // Console.WriteLine("找到第一个小于要查找机内码的机内码: " + pyValue[i].ToString());
                 return pyName[i];
               }
             }
             break;
           }
         }
       }
       // 如果是在二级汉字中
       else
       {
         int pos = Array.IndexOf(otherChinese,ch.ToString());
         if (pos != decimal.MinusOne)
         {
           return otherPinYin[pos];
         }
       }
       #endregion 中文字符处理

       //if (chr < -20319 || chr > -10247) { // 不知道的字符 
       //  return null; 
     
       //for (var i = pyValue.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
       //{        
       //  if (pyValue[i] <= chr) return pyName[i];//这只能对应数组已经定义的      
       //}       
       
       return String.Empty;
     }

    /// <summary>
     /// 把汉字转换成拼音(全拼)
    /// </summary>
     /// <param name="str">汉字字符串</param>
     /// <returns>转换后的拼音(全拼)字符串</returns>
     public static String Get(String str)
     {
       if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) return String.Empty; 
       
       var sb = new StringBuilder(str.Length * 10); 
       var chs = str.ToCharArray(); 
       
       for (var j = 0; j < chs.Length; j++) 
       { 
         sb.Append(Get(chs[j])); 
       } 
       
       return sb.ToString();
     }
  }
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持编程小技巧。