CentOS6.x 下LNMP环境搭建（一、安装 MySQL）
1. 创建用户
# groupadd mysql # useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
---- 检查----
# tail -1 /etc/passwd
mysql:x:501:501::/home/mysql:/sbin/nologin
# id mysql
uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql)
---- 检查 ----
注：也可以用一条命令代替【useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M】
2. 解压、配置
# cd /root/src # tar -zxvf mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz # mv mysql-5.5.50-linux2.6-x86_64 /lnmp/server/mysql-5.5.50 && cd /lnmp/server # ls -l # ln -s /lnmp/server/mysql-5.5.50/ mysql # ls -l # cd mysql # ls -l support-files/*.cnf <------- 查看所有配置样例 # /bin/cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf <------- /bin/cp 直接覆盖重名文件，不提示
3. 初始化数据（是否需要单独挂一个目录？根据需要）
# mkdir -p /data/mysql # chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql # ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/lnmp/server/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql ... Installing MySQL system tables... 160529 18:23:19 [Note] /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.50) starting as process 33182 ... OK Filling help tables... 160529 18:23:20 [Note] /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.50) starting as process 33189 ... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system ...
注：如上出现两个ok，标识初始化成功；否则失败，需解决初始化错误
4.修改设置并启动服务
# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld # sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/lnmp/server/mysql#g' /lnmp/server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld <------- 替换二进制包的默认MySQL安装路径 # vim /etc/init.d/mysqld <------- 修改 basedir 和 datadir，如下 basedir=/lnmp/server/mysql datadir=/data/mysql # /etc/init.d/mysqld start <------- 启动服务 Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 检查 3306 是否启动： # netstat -tlunp|grep mysql tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 33457/mysqld
5. 设置开机自启动
# chkconfig --add mysqld # chkconfig mysqld on # chkconfig --list|grep mysqld mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
6. 配置MySQL命令全局使用
# echo 'export PATH=/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:$PATH' >>/etc/profile # tail -1 /etc/profile <------- 检查写入文件 export PATH=/lnmp/server/mysql/bin:$PATH # source /etc/profile <------- 使修改马上生效 # echo $PATH <------- 检查最终设置结果 /lnmp/server/mysql/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/whoru/bin
7. 登录测试，更改默认管理员密码
# mysql <------- 输入 mysql 可以直接登录，安装好后默认密码为空 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ..... Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>quit; <------- 退出 mysql 命令行 # mysqladmin -u root password 'whoru123' <------- 修改 root 默认的空密码 # mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) # mysql -uroot -p <------- 必须使用用户名和密码登录 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. ..... mysql>
8. 清理没有用的用户及库
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | ::1 | | | localhost | | root | localhost | | | web1 | | root | web1 | +------+-----------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user "root"@"::1"; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ""@"localhost"; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user ""@"web1"; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> drop user "root"@"web1"; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; +------+-----------+ | user | host | +------+-----------+ | root | 127.0.0.1 | | root | localhost | +------+-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; <------- 清除缓存 Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
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